5种运动干预方案对小学生脑执行功能影响的试验研究

Experimental Study on the Effects of Five Kinds of Exercise Intervention Programs on Brain Executive Functions of Primary Students

目的:探讨5种运动干预方案对小学生执行功能各子功能的效果,为学校开展课外体育活动促进小学生执行功能发展提供科学依据。方法:在课外体育活动中,采用5种不同方案(花样跑步、趣味田径游戏、小手球+素质练习、踢毽+游戏、武术+花样跳绳+8字跑)对小学生进行运动干预;10周运动干预前后,分别使用Flanker、2-back、More-odd shifting任务测量小学生的抑制、刷新和转换子功能。结果:花样跑步有效地提高了小学生刷新功能和转换功能;趣味田径游戏和"踢毽+游戏"都有效提高了小学生的抑制功能;"小手球+素质练习"有效提高了小学生的转换功能;"武术+花样跳绳+8字跑"有效提高了小学生的抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能。结论:5种运动干预方案均对小学生执行功能具有促进作用,且在改善小学生执行功能子功能效果上各有所长。

Objective： This study investigate the effects of five kinds of exercise intervention programs on the children＇s executive functions in various dimen- sions , to provide a scientific basis for school extracurricular sports activities for developing students＇ executive function. Methods： Implement the five inter- vention programs （＂pattern running＂ , ＂fun track and field games＂, ＂small handball＋ physical movement＂, ＂kick the shuttlecock＋ games＂ and ＂martial arts ＋skipping ＋8 word run＂ ） in extracurricular sports activities, use the Flanker task, 2-back task and More-odd shifting task to assess pupil＇ s executive func- tion comprehensively before and after the 10 weeks intervention. Results： （1） ＂pattern running＂ program could significantly raise the level of updating and shifting function, ＂fun track and field games＂ and ＂kick the shuttlecock＋ games＂ program could significantly raise the level of inhibition function, ＂small handball＋ physical movement＂ program could significantly raise the level of shifting, ＂martial arts ＋skipping ＋8 word run＂ program could significantly raise the level of inhibition, updating and shifting function. Conclusions： Five kinds of exercise intervention programs had promotion effect on pupil＇ s executive functions; five programs had different advantages on the effect of sub-function of executive functions.