PAN/ZnO抗静电纳米复合纤维膜的制备及性能研究

Preparation and research of PAN/ZnO anti-static composite nano-fiber

为了提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的抗静电性能,以聚丙烯腈原丝为基料,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂配制了聚丙烯腈纺丝液。然后通过超声波及机械搅拌的方法将不同质量分数的导电性能良好的纳米氧化锌(Zn O)分散在聚丙烯腈纺丝液中,配制成PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备具有抗静电性能的PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维。研究了PAN纺丝液、PAN/Zn O二元复合纺丝液的可纺性以及不同质量分数的纳米氧化锌对PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维膜的结晶度及体积比电阻的影响。结果表明:纺丝液的可纺性较好,在体积分数为12%,纺丝电压为18k V,接收距离为15 cm,推进速度为0.000 5 mm/s的条件下进行静电纺丝,可以得到纤维直径均匀,纤维平行伸直度良好,表面光滑的PAN纳米纤维;随着纳米氧化锌质量分数的提高,PAN/Zn O纳米复合纤维表面变得粗糙,但结晶度无明显变化,体积比电阻减小,抗静电性能提高。

In order to improve the anti-static performance of polyacrylonitrile（PAN） fiber, with PAN fiber as raw material, N, N-dimethyl acetamide （DMAC） as solvent, prepared PAN spinning solution. Then added different ratios of nano-ZnO, with good conductivity, to the PAN spinning solution by the method of ultrasound and mechanical stirring, prepared PAN/ZnO composite spinning solution. After that, PAN/ZnO nano-fibers with anti-static property were prepared by electro- static spinning technique. The spin-ability of PAN spinning solution and PAN/ZnO spinning solution as well as the influence of different ratios of nano ZnO to the crystallinity and the volume resistivity of PAN/ZnO nano-fiber are studied. The results indicate that the spinning solution has good spin-ability; when the concentration was 12%, spinning voltage was 18 kV, receiv- ing distance was 15 cm, advancing speed was 0. 0005 mm/s, under the condition of electrostatic spinning, can get nanofibers with uniform fiber diameter, good parallel straight degree and smooth surface; with the increase of nano-ZnO content, the surface of PAN/ZnO nano-fibers become rough but no obvious change in crystallinity, and the volume resistivity decreases.