河套灌区玉米生长农业气候条件适应性研究

Research on Agricultural Climate Adaptability of Maize Growth in Hetao Irrigation Area

根据河套灌区临河、乌拉特前旗、准格尔旗及土默特左旗4个站点1984—2011年生长发育期观测数据,1981—2010年逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日照时数等气象资料和玉米产量资料,利用相关统计分析建立发育期时长、气象因子与玉米产量之间的相互关系,对河套灌区玉米农业气候条件进行了分析与诊断,得出结论玉米高产与当地适宜的气候条件是分不开的。同时运用多元积分回归的方法,对河套灌区玉米生长农业气候条件适应性进行了综合评价,确定了河套灌区玉米不同生长发育阶段的气温、日照对产量的影响效应,分析表明:4月下旬—5月上旬、7月中旬—9月上旬是玉米对热量需求的2个关键阶段,此时光照条件基本满足生长需求,而气温略高并占主导地位;5月中旬—6月下旬、9月上旬—9月下旬2个阶段日照时数对玉米产量的影响呈正效应,在历年均值的基础上,每增加一个气象单位,玉米分别增产2.6、4.1 kg/(hm2·h)。

Based on the method of length, meteorological factors and statistical analysis, the author established the correlation of growth period maize yield by using the observation data of daily mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine duration and maize yield in the growth and development stages from 1984 to 2011 of 4 observation stations, including Linhe in Hetao irrigated area, Urad Front Banner, Jungar Banner and Tumed Left Banner. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between maize high yield and the Iocal appropriate weather conditions. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of agricuhural climate adaptability of maize in Hetao irrigated area was conducted by the method of multiple integral regression, the effects of temperature and sunshine duration on yield were confirmed. The results showed that late April to early May and middle of July to early September were 2 key stages of heat demand. The light condition could satisfy the needs of growth, while temperature was slightly high and played a dominant role. Sunshine condition had a positive effect on maize yield from middle of May to late June and in whole September. When the amount of sunshine duration increased 1 hour, the yield of maize increased 2.6 kg/（hm^2· h） and 4.1 kg,/（hm^2·h）.