从村长制度到村民代表会议制度——抗战初期晋察冀边区的村政建设

From Village Head System to Villagers' Representative Meeting System——Village Regime in Shanxi-Chahaer-Hebei Border Region in the Early Years of the War of Resistance Against Japan

村政权是抗日民主政权的基石。抗战初期,晋察冀边区改造旧村政权,建立抗日民主村政权,经历了半政权性质的村"动委会",到民选抗日村长,再到建立村民代表会议这样一个逐步改革的过程。打破了几千年的封建邻闾制,人民真正争得了当家作主人的权利和地位。历史证明,民主选举是实现基层民主政治建设的助推剂;边区村级政权"议行合一"的一元化体制,是适合中国国情的不同于英美式民主的新民主主义新路径;中国共产党的领导是保证村政权改造和健全的关键;坚持民主集中制原则,实行集体领导,民主决策,依法施政,是村政权建设的发展方向;坚持用制度机制规范和约束权力,是确保村级政权工作人员始终保持良好作风的根本方法。

Village regime was the cornerstone of the anti-Japanese democratic regime. During the early period of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Shanxi-Chahaer-Hebei border region remodeled the old-fashioned village regime into the new anti-Japanese democratic village regime. It was a gradual process from the semi-regime village action committee to elected anti-Japanese village head, and then to villagers＂ representative meeting, leaving behind the feudal system which had prevailed for thousands of years. The people finally won their rights and became their own masters. History has proved that democratic election is the propellant for achieving democracy at the grassroots levels, and that the border-region village regime, different from Anglo-American democracy, was the new route of new democracy suitable for the actual condition in China. The CPC leadership was the key to ensuring the success of village regime reform ; and the orientation of village regime was to adhere to the principles of democratic centralism, collective leadership, democratic decision-making and administration by law. An institutionalized power-restrictive mechanism would ensure the village regime to maintain a good work style.