车与车正面碰撞安全性仿真研究

Simulation Study on Vehicle to Vehicle Frontal Crash Safety

以某中型乘用车有限元模型为基础,分别建立质量减轻25%、刚度增加25%和同时减轻质量和增加刚度的3种变型车模型,连同基础车,共有4辆目标车模型,分别与中型乘用车、SUV和小型乘用车进行正面100%和50%重叠率的碰撞仿真,以研究乘用车质量减轻和刚度增加对其碰撞加速度和驾驶员损伤的影响。结果表明,在车与车100%和50%重叠正面碰撞中,乘用车质量减轻和刚度增加使其自身碰撞加速度明显升高;质量减轻后的目标车驾驶员头部HIC36、胸部最大加速度值和大腿力最大值增大;刚度增加后的目标车在100%重叠正面碰撞中驾驶员损伤加重,而在50%重叠正面碰撞中驾驶员头部和大腿损伤减轻。

With a medium car as base vehicle, three variant FE models are obtained by reducing gross mass, increasing front-end stiffness and simultaneously reducing mass and increasing stiffness respectively, so there are altogether four target vehicle models including base one. Then both 100% and 50% overlap frontal crash simu- lations are conducted with four target vehicles against three partner vehicles （medium car, SUV and small car） re- spectively to study the effects of mass reduction and stiffness increase on crash acceleration and driver injuries. The results show that the mass reduction and stiffness increase of medium car increase its own impact acceleration signifi- cantly in both 100% and 50% overlap frontal crashes; For target vehicle with reduced mass its IC36, maximum chest acceleration and maximum femur force of driver increase; As for target vehicle with increased stiffness, driver＇s injuries become severer in 100% overlap frontal crash, while the head and femur injuries of driver are less severe in 50% overlap frontal crash.