不同品种(系)青花菜农艺性状及其器官营养品质的研究

Study on Agronomic Characters of Different Broccoli Varieties( Lines) and Nutritional Quality of Their Organs

对10个不同青花菜品种(系)的生育期、植株形态及叶、花球、茎三种主要器官中的主要营养成分进行比较分析。结果表明:34#的株型适于密植,主球单重较大,可作为早熟高产青花菜品种进行推广种植。可溶性蛋白含量为叶﹥花球﹥茎,5#、16#、34#及35#各器官中可溶性蛋白含量较高,30#各器官含量均最低;大多数品种(系)叶和花球的维生素C含量较高,茎中含量较低,15#、20#中维生素C含量较高;花球中的纤维素含量普遍低于叶和茎,5#、16#及20#中纤维素含量较高;干物质含量为叶﹥花球﹥茎,20#、30#及35#中干物质含量较高;可溶性糖含量为茎﹥花球﹥叶,5#和29#中可溶性糖含量较高。总体来看,20#及35#各器官中营养成分明显高于其它品种(系),综合营养品质较突出;青花菜的茎和叶中营养成分较高,可加以开发以提高其综合利用价值。

The growth period, plant morphology and the main nutritional ingredients of leaf, head and stem of 10 broccoli varieties （lines） were analyzed. The results showed that the plant type of 34# was suitable for high density cultivation. The weight of single main head of 34# was the highest and could be used as a pre- cocious high- yielding broccoli variety to promote the cultivation. The soluble protein content in leaf, head and stem was in order and that in each organ of 5#, 16#, 34# and 35# was higher, while that in 30# was the lowest. The Vitamin C content in leaf and head was higher than that in stem and that of 15# and 20# was high- er. The cellulose content in ball - flower was lower than that in leaf and stem, and that of 5#, 16# and 20# was higher. The dry matter content in leaf, ball -flower, stem was from high to low and that of 20#, 30# and 35# was higher. The soluble sugar content in stem, ball - flower and leaf was in order and that of 5# and 29# was higher. Overall, the nutrients in 3 organs of 20# and 35# were significantly higher than those of the other varieties with outstanding comprehensive nutritional qualities. The nutritions of broccoli stem and leaf were higher, which could be developed to improve the comprehensive utilization value.