摘要
通过3年田间小区试验(设不施肥、100%化肥、绿肥+100%化肥、绿肥+85%化肥、绿肥+70%化肥、绿肥+55%化肥6个处理),研究光叶苕子与化肥减量配施对玉米产量、养分利用率和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:光叶苕子与化肥减量配施可提高玉米产量、养分利用率和农学效益。在翻压15 t/hm2光叶苕子鲜草条件下,减少化肥用量45%,玉米产量也能达到当地常规产量水平,减少化肥用量15%~30%,可显著提高玉米产量,增幅达13.52%~25.70%,氮、磷、钾养分利用率分别提高11.1%、6.9%、5.4%,氮钾农学效益提高7.3 kg/kg,磷农学效益提高10.9 kg/kg,养分利用率和农学效益以化肥减量15%为最佳;连续3年翻压光叶苕子并适当减少化肥用量可提高土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮含量,保持有效磷、速效钾含量,降低土壤容重;翻压光叶苕子15 t/hm2的条件下,化肥用量最多可减少45%,但要提高玉米产量,化肥减量水平以15%~30%为适宜。
A 3-year field experiment ( six treatments : no fertilization, 100% chemical fertilizer, green ma- nure+ 100% chemical fertilizer, green manure+ 85% chemical fertilizer, green manure+70% chemical fertilizer,green manure+55% fertilizer) was conducted to study the effects of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and chemical fertilizer reduction on soil fertility and corn yield.The results were as follows:Burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and chemical fertilizer reduction could improve the yield and utilization rate and agronomy efficiency. On the basis of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar (15 t/hm2) , reducing chemical fertilize by 45% could keep up with the local conventional level of corn yield ,reducing chemical fertilize by 15%-30% could significantly increase the yield by 13.52%-25.70% and the utilization rates of N, P205, K20 were improved by 11.1%, 6.9%, 5.4% respec- tively and the agronomic efficiencies of N,P205 ,K20 were increased by 7.3 kg/kg, 10.9 kg/kg,7.3 kg/kg re- spectively and the optimum treatment was reducing chemical fertilizer by15% . Burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and reducing chemical fertilizer for three consecutive years improved the contents of the soil organic matter, to- tal nitrogen, available nitrogen and kept the contents of the available phosphorus, available potassium and re- duced the soil bulk density. So on the basis of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar ( 15 t/hm2 ) , chemical fertilize could be reduced by 45% but to increase the yield, the optimum amount of chemical fertilize reduction was 15%-30%.
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第3期411-416,496,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103005)
国家农作物种质资源平台运行服务项目
作物种质资源保护和利用项目
贵州省国际科技合作计划(黔科合外G字[2010]7035号)
贵州省创新能力建设项目(黔科合院所创能[2011]4002号)
中央补助地方科技基础条件专项基金(黔科条中补地[2012]4003号)
关键词
绿肥
化肥减量
玉米
养分利用率
土壤肥力
green manure
chemical fertilizer reduction
corn
nutrient use efficiency
soil fertility