光叶苕子与化肥减量配施对土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响

Effects of Burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Soil Fertility and Corn Yield

通过3年田间小区试验（设不施肥、100%化肥、绿肥＋100%化肥、绿肥＋85%化肥、绿肥＋70%化肥、绿肥＋55%化肥6个处理）,研究光叶苕子与化肥减量配施对玉米产量、养分利用率和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：光叶苕子与化肥减量配施可提高玉米产量、养分利用率和农学效益。在翻压15 t/hm2光叶苕子鲜草条件下,减少化肥用量45%,玉米产量也能达到当地常规产量水平,减少化肥用量15%~30%,可显著提高玉米产量,增幅达13.52%~25.70%,氮、磷、钾养分利用率分别提高11.1%、6.9%、5.4%,氮钾农学效益提高7.3 kg/kg,磷农学效益提高10.9 kg/kg,养分利用率和农学效益以化肥减量15%为最佳;连续3年翻压光叶苕子并适当减少化肥用量可提高土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮含量,保持有效磷、速效钾含量,降低土壤容重;翻压光叶苕子15 t/hm2的条件下,化肥用量最多可减少45%,但要提高玉米产量,化肥减量水平以15%~30%为适宜。

A 3-year field experiment （ six treatments ： no fertilization, 100% chemical fertilizer, green ma- nure＋ 100% chemical fertilizer, green manure＋ 85% chemical fertilizer, green manure＋70% chemical fertilizer,green manure＋55% fertilizer） was conducted to study the effects of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and chemical fertilizer reduction on soil fertility and corn yield.The results were as follows：Burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and chemical fertilizer reduction could improve the yield and utilization rate and agronomy efficiency. On the basis of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar （15 t/hm2） , reducing chemical fertilize by 45% could keep up with the local conventional level of corn yield ,reducing chemical fertilize by 15%-30% could significantly increase the yield by 13.52%-25.70% and the utilization rates of N, P205, K20 were improved by 11.1%, 6.9%, 5.4% respec- tively and the agronomic efficiencies of N,P205 ,K20 were increased by 7.3 kg/kg, 10.9 kg/kg,7.3 kg/kg re- spectively and the optimum treatment was reducing chemical fertilizer by15% . Burying Vicia villosa Rothvar and reducing chemical fertilizer for three consecutive years improved the contents of the soil organic matter, to- tal nitrogen, available nitrogen and kept the contents of the available phosphorus, available potassium and re- duced the soil bulk density. So on the basis of burying Vicia villosa Rothvar （ 15 t/hm2 ） , chemical fertilize could be reduced by 45% but to increase the yield, the optimum amount of chemical fertilize reduction was 15%-30%.