马尾松木荷不同比例混交林枯落物和土壤持水性能比较分析

A Comparison on Water-holding Capacity of Forest Litter and Soil of Mixed Forests of Pinus massoniana and Schima superba in Different Proportions

为探讨马尾松木荷混交林不同混交比例对林下枯落物和土壤水源涵养功能的影响,按树种混交比例分为类型I(10马)、类型Ⅱ(8马2木)、类型Ⅲ(7马3木)、类型Ⅳ(6马4木)4种类型设置典型样地,对其枯落物和土壤的持水性能进行比较分析。结果表明:(1)枯落物现存量、最大持水率、最大持水量和有效拦蓄量以类型Ⅳ最大,分别为4.58 t/hm2、230.44%、10.56 t/hm2、7.40 t/hm2,均显著高于其它类型(P<0.05);有效拦蓄率为类型Ⅳ>类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ,除类型Ⅳ与类型Ⅲ差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其它各类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。(2)土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量为类型Ⅳ>类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ,最大持水量、毛管持水量各类型间差异不显著(P>0.05);非毛管持水量除类型Ⅰ与类型Ⅱ差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其它各类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。综合分析表明,混交林枯落物和土壤的持水能力强于纯林,且枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力随着马尾松林中木荷所占比例的增加而增大,以类型Ⅳ最优;对马尾松纯林进行补种阔叶树,能有效提高森林的水源涵养功能。

To analyse the function of water conservation of forest litter and soil of mixed forests in different mixing proportions of Pinus massoniana and sehima superba,4 types-type I （ten Pinus massoniana） , type II （ eight Pinus massoniana and two Schima superba） , type III （ seven Pinus massoniana and three Schima super- ba） and type IV （ six Pinus massoniana and four Schima superba） , which were divided according to the propor- tions of tree species, were selected to set the typical sample plots to compare and analyse the water-holding ca- pacity of the litter and soil.The results were as follows： （ 1 ） The existing litter amount, maximum waKer-holding rate, maximum water-holding capacity and effective water-holding capacity of the type 1V were the largest, re- spectively up to 4.58 t/hm2 ,230.44%, 10.56 t/hm2 and 7.40 t/hm2, significantly higher than those of the other types （P〈0.05）.The effective water-holding rates of litter were in the order of type IV〉 type III 〉 type II 〉 type I , except for type IV and type III, there were significant differences in effective water-hold rate among other types （P〈0.05）. （2） The maximum soil water-holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and non-cap- illary water holding capacity of soil were in the order of type IV〉 type III〉 type II 〉 type I .There were no sig- nificant differences in the maximum water-holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity among each type （P〉O.05）.There were significant differences the non-capillary water holding capacity among each type （P 〈0.05） ,except for type I and type 11 .Comprehensive analysis showed that the water-holding capacity of forest litter and soil in mixed forests was stronger than in pure forests, and increased with the proportion of Schima su- perba in Pinus massoniana forest, type IV was the best;replanting broadleaf species in Pinus massoniana forest could effectively improve the function of water conservation of forest.