载人航天器座舱环境控制系统建模与性能分析

Modeling and Analysis of Cabin Atmospheric Environmental Control System in a Manned Spacecraft

文章以航天器座舱大气环境控制系统为研究对象引出了该系统主要部件的数学控制方程,基于建模语言Modelica建立了重用性高、易于扩展和使用高效的环境控制系统模型库,并阐述了基本的建模方法。利用模型库构建了典型的航天器座舱大气环境控制系统,对温湿度控制、供气调压和二氧化碳净化的性能及其控制方法进行仿真分析,提出了主动温湿度综合控制方法。仿真分析结果表明:供气调压、大气净化和温湿度控制之间存在紧密耦合、互相影响的关系;主动温度控制方法虽然适合温湿度控制,但主动温湿度综合控制方法的性能优于前者;航天员活动状态对各分系统有显著影响,设计和运行管理过程中要重点考虑其动态变化。文中所建模型库和分析结论为载人航天器座舱大气环境控制系统设计改进和运行管理提供了有效的工具及方法 。

The governing equations of components for cabin atmospheric environmental control system in manned spacecraft were built. The general method of establishing model library using multi-domain unified modeling method based on Modelica was presented. A powerful library with high reusability, extensibility and feasibility was built for the environmental control system. A kind of environmental control system including an atmosphere control and supply subsystem （ACSS）, atmosphere revitalization subsystem （ARS） and a temperature and humidity control subsystem （THCS） was modeled to carry out the performance analysis and the control strategy study. The investigation shows that three subsystems are coupled deeply and have influence on each other. The active temperature control method is appropriate for THCS. And a better control strategy of active temperature and humidity eontrol was put forward to achieve more effective control capability. The crew activity level should be considered as a variation, which has heavy effects on other subsystems. The established model library and analysis results provide an efficient way to improve the design and running management of the cabin environmental control system in the manned spacecraft.