三(叠氮乙酰氧甲基)硝基甲烷的合成与性能

Synthesis and properties oftri( azido-acetoxymethyl) nitromethane

以三羟甲基硝基甲烷为原料,经酯化、叠氮化两步反应合成出三（叠氮乙酰氧甲基）硝基甲烷,总收率为83.0%。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析表征了其结构。探讨了叠氮化反应的影响因素,确定其最佳反应条件为：Na N3摩尔加入量为理论值的1.10倍,混合溶剂中水占总体积的10%-25%,反应时间1 h。测试得到TMNTA的密度为1.45 g/cm^3,热分解温度为235.7℃,玻璃化转变温度为-26.23℃,撞击感度H50=44.7 cm（落锤2 kg）,爆炸概率4%（摆角66°）。

TMNTA was synthesized using tris（ hydroxymethyl） nitromethane as raw material,via the two-step reactions of esterif-ication, azidonation with a total yield of 83.0%.Its structures were confirmed by IR,NMR and elemental analysis.The affecting factors of azidonation were studied.The optimum conditions of the reactions were：nexp：ntheory=1.10 for NaN3（molar ratio）,10%-25% of the total volume of acetone-H2O and reaction time 1 h. Some physicochemical properties of TMNTA were obtained by the tests.Results show that the density is 1.45 g/cm^3,decomposition temperature is 235.7℃,glass transition temperature is-26.23 ℃, H50=44.7cm（2 kg）,friction sensitivity is 4%（66°）.