2002-2010年我国血吸虫病疫情变化分析

Analysis of endemic changes of schistosomiasis in China from 2002 to 2010

目的 分析2002-2010年我国血吸虫病疫情变化特征和趋势,为血吸虫病防治工作提供参考。方法 收集2002-2010年全国血吸虫病防治工作年报资料,采用描述性统计方法分析血吸虫病疫情变化。结果 2002-2010年间,四川、云南、江苏3省先后达到血吸虫病传播控制标准,湖北、湖南、江西和安徽4省于2008年达到疫情控制标准;全国未实现血吸虫病传播控制的县数从110个减少到80个。全国血吸虫病人数、报告急性血吸虫病病例数分别由2002年的81.04万、913例减少到2010年的32.58万、43例,分别下降了59.79%、95.40%;全国血吸虫感染病牛数从2002年的23 199头下降至2010年的7 173头,下降了69.08%;钉螺面积自2003年出现回升后始终维持在37亿~38亿m2,9年间新发现钉螺面积达1.25亿m2。至2010年,全国90%的血吸虫病人、急性血吸虫病病例、病牛和钉螺面积均集中分布在湖区5省,特别是洞庭湖、鄱阳湖地区及长江沿岸。结论 2002-2010年全国血吸虫病疫情显著下降。湖区是当前血吸虫病防治工作的重点和难点区域,钉螺扩散和异地报告急性血吸虫病病例现象突出;应加强监测和病例管理,以巩固防治成果。

Objective To provide the reference for schistosomiasis control through analyzing the changes of endemic status of schistosomiasis in China in recent years. Methods The annual data of schistosomiasis prevention and control from 2002 to 2012 were collected, and the descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the changes of schistosomiasis endemic status. Re-sults Sichuan, Yunan and Jiangxi provinces reached the criteria of transmission controlled from 2002 to 2010 while Hubei, Hu-nan, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces reached the criteria of infection controlled in 2008. The number of counties where the trans-mission of schistosomiasis was controlled decreased from 110 in 2002 to 80 in 2010. The numbers of estimated schistosomiasis cases and reported acute cases fell from 810.4 thousands and 913 in 2002 to 325.8 thousands and 43 in 2010, respectively, and they were reduced by 59.79%and 95.40%respectively. The number of infected bovine went down from 23 199 in 2002 to 7 173 in 2010, with a fall of 69.03%. However, the Oncomelania hupensis snails breeding areas kept in 3.7 to 3.8 billion m2 and among which, 125 million m2 areas were newly discovered in non-endemic areas during the nine years. In 2010, 90%of schistosomiasis cases, acute cases, infected bovine, and snail breeding areas were concentrated in 5 provinces, especially in the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake areas and the regions along the Yangtze River. Conclusions The epidemic of schistosomiasis decreased sig-nificantly from 2002 to 2010. The lake regions are the key and tough areas for schistosomiasis prevention and control. To consoli-date the achievements, the surveillance and case management need to be strengthened as the extension of snail breeding areas and acute cases reported from other places becomes common.