基于结构化方法的企业间知识共享困境研究

Study on dilemmas of knowledge sharing among enterprises based on structural solutions

假设两个参与企业和静态市场竞争结构,构建共享决策模型,分析是否可以通过改变收益矩阵的结构化方法来实现纳什均衡向帕累托最优的转化,进而解决知识共享社会困境。结果表明:(1)具备一定的知识吸收能力是知识创新投入和知识共享的前提条件,否则企业没有动力和意愿参与;(2)"搭便车"的附加成本高低是决定模仿企业共享意愿的关键因素,通过提高附加成本,可以有效阻止该行为;(3)市场竞争结构也是影响共享意愿的一个重要因素,企业间可以构建战略联盟并强加于一个市场规则来形成这种有利的市场结构,从而保护核心企业利益,进而促使企业间知识共享。

In this paper,an assumption which has two actors and static market competition structure is proposed. Then a decision-making model is constructed. This model is used to study the influence factors and conditions of equilibrium. It will test whether or not the game can get the optimum and the path to ac-tion. Therefore,this model provides a good idea to break the social dilemmas of knowledge sharing among enterprises. The results show 1 ）that having a certain ability to absorb knowledge is the prerequisite for knowledge innovation and sharing,otherwise the enterprises do not have the power and the willingness to participate in the actions;2 ）that additional cost to free-ride is the key factor for imitation enterprise to de-termine the willingness of knowledge sharing,which can effectively prevent the free-ride by increasing the additional cost to free-ride;and 3 ）that the market competition structure is also an important factor to in-fluence the willingness of knowledge sharing. The enterprises can form such effective market by building strategic alliances and imposing market rules in order to protect the interests of leading enterprise. And further,this also urges the follower enterprise to participate in knowledge sharing with leading enterprises.