产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响

Effects of Different Calving Seasons and Parities on Milk Production for Holstein Cows in the Huining Region of Gansu

【目的】为了掌握产犊季节和胎次对奶牛产奶的影响。【方法】以会宁地区一奶牛场的荷斯坦牛为研究对象,选择2011~2013年不同产犊季节及不同胎次产奶量记录完整的健康母牛共200头,主要探讨产犊季节及胎次对产奶量的影响。将所有产奶数据校正到305d产奶量,用Excel进行统计分析,分别做出不同产犊季节和不同胎次305d产奶量的整体分布曲线。对4个季节和5个胎次的产奶量分别采用单因素方差分析和SSR法多重比较,确定不同季节和各胎次的影响效果。【结果】表明,不同产犊季节和不同胎次对荷斯坦牛的305d产奶量的影响均极显著。秋季（9~11月份）产犊的母牛305d产奶量最高,显著或极显著高于其他季节,属高产奶量季节;夏季（6~8月份）产犊的母牛305d产奶量最低,显著或极显著低于其他季节,属低产奶量季节。第2胎产犊的母牛305d产奶量较佳,随着胎次的增加,特别是第3胎及以后产犊的母牛305d产奶量逐渐下降。【结论】产犊季节及胎次对甘肃会宁地区荷斯坦牛产奶量的影响,在保证全年牛奶供求基本平衡的前提下,适当调整在高产季节产犊和加强对高胎次奶牛的饲养管理,对提高奶牛群体产奶量具有重要意义。

【Objective】In order to master the effects of calving seasons and parities on milk production.【Method】The Holstein cows from dairy farm in Huining region were used as the study subjects and total200 healthy cows were selected from 2011 to 2013of different calving seasons and different parities milk production in well recorded,mainly discussed the impact on milk production of calving seasons and parities.All data of milk production would be shifted to 305 d,with Excel format for statistics and analysis,and the overall distribution curve of different calving seasons and different parities of 305 dmilk production were drawn respectively.Milk production of four seasons and five parities were analyzed by using one factor analysis of variance and multiple compared SSR method to determine the impact effects of different seasons and parities.【Result】The results demonstrated that both the different calving seasons and different parities had significant effects on 305 d milk production of Holstein cows.The cows to calve in Autumn（From September to November）that 305 dmilk production was the highest,significantly higher than in other seasons,was the high milk production season;The cows to calve in Summer（From June to August）that 305 dmilk production was the lowest,significantly lower than in other seasons,was the low milk production season.Cows to second lactation that 305 dmilk production was better,with the parity increasing,especially from the third parities and after calving,cow’s 305 dmilk production gradually decreased.【Conclusion】The effects of calving seasons and parities to Holstein cows in the Huining region of Gansu province showed that on the promise of guarantee balance of whole year milk supply and demand,during high calving season to calve to be appropriately adjusted and high parities cows breeding management to be enhanced was of great significance to improve milk production of cow’s group.