考虑自然因素投入的林业生产效率评价研究——以南方集体林区为例

Study on Efficiency of Forestry Production Based on the Natural Factors:A Case of Southern Collective Forest Areas

为了对林业生产效率进行准确科学评价，将4～10月平均气温与年平均降雨量两种自然因素，与资本和劳动一起构成四要素投入模型。采用南方集体林区9省区1999～2011年样本数据，利用数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis ，DEA）方法研究了各省区林业生产效率水平和要素利用效率，并将结果与仅含资本、劳动的二要素投入模型的结果进行对比，肯定了加入自然因素对于林业生产各种效率评价的合理性和必要性。实证分析结果表明：根据四要素投入模型的分析，南方集体林区林业生产能保持较高效率水平主要是技术效率的贡献，除了2004、2005年以外，其他年份技术效率均高于规模效率；由要素利用效率分析可知，多数省区的资本与劳动都存在不同程度的浪费现象，具有很大的节约空间，其中资本要素的浪费尤为严重；考察资源利用效率与技术效率、规模效率的关系发现，资源利用效率与技术效率水平密切相关，技术效率评价是决定资本与劳动投入要素利用效率高低的一个关键因素。

To evaluate forstry production efficiency more accuratly and scieatifically ,two kinds of forestry production efficiency measurement models were built .One takes capital and labor as input factors （2-factor model）;the other adds average temperature of Apr to Oct and annual precipitation to input factors （4-factor model） .Based on the statistical data of 9 provinces in Southern Collective Forest Areas from 1999 to 2011 ,the data envelopment analysis method was used to compare the forestry production efficiency ,input factors utilization efficiency of 9 countries .T he results of comparison indicate that it is important to consider the natural factors as the input factors w hen in evaluating the efficiency of forestry production .The results of this study reveal some facts as follows .According to the 4-factor model ,the technical efficiency is the main contribution to high level efficiency of forestry production in Southern Collective Forest Areas ,and technical efficiency is higher than the scale efficiency in the years except 2004 and 2005 .Based on the analysis of the input factor utilization efficiency ,the input factors of capital and labor both have different level of waste in most provinces and the waste of capital input is particularly serious .The study of the relationship between the input factor utilization efficiency and technical efficiency ,scale efficiency show that the input factor utilization efficiency is closely related with the technical efficiency ,and the technical efficiency is a key factor to the evaluation of input factor utilization efficiency .