植物遗传资源保护中农民权的若干理论问题探析

Analysis of Several Theoretical Problems about Farmers' Rights in the Protection of Plant Genetic Resources

农民权问题是发达国家和发展中国家在植物遗传资源保护及可持续利用中争论的焦点问题之一.植物遗传资源开发、保护中出现的农民权,就其性质而言,是一种新型的知识产权,类似专利法中的先用权;其权利主体是那些长期以来在保存、改良和提供植物遗传资源中做出贡献的农民群体;经过农民鉴别、保存、改良的原生境条件下和非原生境条件下的粮食和农业植物遗传资源是农民权的客体;其权利内容包括农民群体享有的精神权利和财产权利.

The issue of farmers’ rights is one of the contentions between developed and developing countries on the protection and sustainable use of plant genetic resources .Farmers’ rights arising in the exploitation and protection of plant genetic resources ,by its very nature ,are a new type of intellectual property rights ,similar to the prior right in patent law .The subjects of farmers’ rights are farmers as a group who have long been making enormous contributions to the conservation and improvement of plant genetic resources .The objects of farmers’ rights should cover plant genetic resources of food and agriculture both in situ and ex situ conditions ,through the identification ,preservation and improvement by farmers .The content of farmers’ rights includes moral rights and property rights to be enjoyed by farmers .