海南地区部分变应性鼻炎患者变应原检测及影响因素分析

Allergen and risk factors of allergic rhinitis patients in Hainan area

目的分析海南地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原分布情况及相关危险因素。方法用免疫印迹法对2013年10月-2014年10月于解放军总医院海南分院耳鼻咽喉科门诊就诊的196例变应性鼻炎患者及68例对照者血清总Ig E和变应原特异性Ig E抗体进行检测,并对196例患者及204例对照者进行问卷调查,用多因素Logistic回归分析问卷调查12项变应性鼻炎的可能影响因素。结果 196例变应性鼻炎患者血清总Ig E均为阳性,变应原特异性Ig E抗体以尘螨的阳性率(59.69%)最高,食入性变应原以海鱼为主(阳性率17.35%),68例对照者仅2例检测出阳性变应原(海鱼)。家族史、过敏史、哮喘史等为变应性鼻炎危险因素;开窗通风、经常打扫室内卫生等为变应性鼻炎的保护因素。结论海南地区变应性鼻炎主要变应原是屋尘螨;危险因素包括家族史、过敏史等。患者呈现低龄化趋势,发病无明显季节性。

Objective To analyze the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis and related risk factors in Hainan area. Methods IgE and allergen specific IgE antibody in 196 patients with allergic rhinitis and 68 cases of controls admitted to Hainan branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2013 to October 2014 were collected and tested by Western Blot. Questionnaire survey was conducted in 196 cases and 204 controls, then multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to investigate 12 possible related factors of allergic rhinitis. Results The total IgE of 196 allergic rhinitis patients were all positive, in which, the allergen specific IgE antibody of dust mites showed the highest positive rate （59.69%）, and fish was the main allergens （positive rate 17.35%）, while in 68 cases of controls, only 2 cases showed positive allergens （fish）. Family history, history of allergies and asthma were main risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Keeping windows open and rooms clean were protective factors for allergic rhinitis. Conclusion In Hainan area, the main allergens of allergic rhinitis is house dust mites with risk factors including family history, history of allergies, etc. Patients show a trend of younger age, while it has nothing to do with the season.