清代骈文史上的“异类”——论清初名才子尤侗的骈文创作

The “Alien” in the History of Parallel Prose in Qing Dynasty:On the Writings of the Gifted Scholar You Dong in the Early Qing Dynasty

长洲尤侗是清代乃至整个中国古代骈文史上的一个"异类",在当代与后世,论者对尤文褒贬不一,以致形成了文学接受上的一个有意味的"模糊点"。其实,尤侗骈文不但数量可观,而且风格独特,成就颇高,特别是那些既具游戏精神、戏谑性和解构性,又具奇思妙想、灵活体式和很高艺术水平的作品,正体现了清代骈文史上独一无二的"尤侗体"的主要风貌。值得注意的是,如何评价游戏性十足的"尤侗体"骈文之优劣得失,已经涉及在根本上以怎样的标准来衡量骈文总体成就的问题,而主要以作品是否合乎"文章正轨"、是否雅正来评判尤文成就与价值的观点,显然是有失偏颇的。

You Dong in Changzhou was an“alien＆quot;in Qing Dynasty,even in the whole history of parallel prose in ancient China.In his own time and the time after him,critics’evaluation on You Dong’s parallel prose writing are in a variety mixed with praise and censure,making it an interesting“fuzzy point＆quot;of literature acceptance.In fact,You Dong’s writings are not only large in number,but also distinctive in style,thus having achieved a lot.His writings, especially those with game spirit,banter and deconstruction,and with whimsy,flexible posture and high artistic a-chievement,embodied the main features of the unique“You Dong style＆quot;in the history of parallel prose in Qing Dy-nasty.It is worth noting that,how to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of You Dong’s writings with suffi-cient j est has already become fundamentally an issue of how to appraise （with what criteria） the overall achieve-ments of parallel prose.And it is obviously biased to j udge the achievements and values of You Dong’s writings sim-ply by such standards as“the right path of articles＆quot;,or elegance and decency.