重申儒家“使民”思想──关于“民可使由之”章的最新解释

Restate the Confucian Thought of" Use the People

近年来，有些学者利用考古发现的郭店楚墓竹简中的儒家文献，对《论语》中的“民可使由之，不可使知之”一章做了新的探讨，提出了新的解释。这些解释可以分别称为“强制说”、“身教说”与“反智说”。他们对于探讨孔子这一条语录的确切含义做出了各自的努力。但是这些解释都存在着不同的问题。将郭店楚墓竹简《尊德义》等儒家文献的内容，同孔子的思想进行比较，完全可以进一步证实本文作者于１９９４年提出的“使民说”的解释的正确性。

Some scholars recently compared the chapter 9 in the volume 8' Tai-bo' of the Confucian book' Lun Yu' (this chapter formerly translated as:' Confucius remarked:' The common people should be educated in what they ought to do, not to ask why they should do it'' ) with the new discovered Confucian literature at Guodian Chu bamboo slips excavated in 1993, and they raised some new interpretations for this chapter. They insist that the topic of this chapter is' don' t compel the people by ethic' or' teach the people by the ruler's own example' or' the people should not be taught to be wise'. But each of those interpretations is not completely convincible. After a strictly study, an interpretation made in 1994 is still be verified as a right one. This interpretation says: 'how to use people' is the main topic of the chapter.