单片机控制太阳能充电控制器

Solar Charge Controller Based on Single-chip Microcomputer

针对目前太阳能充电控制器对蓄电池的保护不够充分,蓄电池的寿命缩短这种情况,研究确定了一种基于单片机Atmega16的太阳能充电控制器的方案。本设计使用低功耗、高性能的Atmega16单片机作为核心器件对整个电路进行控制。系统硬件电路由太阳能电池充电电路、电压采集和显示电路、单片机控制电路和RS-485串口通信电路组成,主要实现对蓄电池电压的采集和显示。软件部分依据PWM(pulse width modulation)脉宽调制控制策略,编制程序使单片机输出PWM控制信号,控制信号将实现对功率开关器件MOS管开通与关断的控制,从而实现太阳能极板对蓄电池的充电控制[1]。根据控制器的要求,编制软件程序,软件实现蓄电池高效率充电,使蓄电池不过充、过放,保护蓄电池,延长蓄电池使用寿命。

For the current solar charging controller’s insufficient protection to the battery, the battery’s life span is shortened, a kind of solar charging controller program based on Atmega16 is researched. Atmega16 with low-power and high performance is used as the core device to control the entire circuit. System hardware circuit consists of solar battery charging circuits, voltage acquisition and display circuits, single-chip microcomputer control and RS-485 serial communication circuits, which mainly realize the acquisition and display of battery voltage. Software is based on pulse width modulation （PWM） strategy, PWM control signal is outputted from single-chip microcomputer through programming. The control of turning on and off for power switching device metal oxide semiconductor （MOS） tube is realized by the control signal so as to control charging battery through solar plate. According to the requirements of the controller, software program is programmed and battery charging efficiency is realized by the software, which makes the battery no in overcharge and over discharge state. So the battery is protected and the service life of the battery is prolonged.