从“以党治国”到专制独裁──试论1928-1937年国民党政府的“以党治国”

From" Run the country by political parties" to autocracy －On the "Run the country by political parties" of Kuomintang Government in 1928 - 1937

孙中山提出“以党治国”思想的本意，是以政党的力量把中国引向民主政治的轨道。国民党在“训政”之初宣布继承孙中山“以党治国”思想，由国民党担负“训政”全责，并通过一系列宪法性文件规定了国民党与国民政府间的关系，进而建立起“以党治国”的政治体制。然而，这一体制运作的结果却是国民党上层人物的寡头专制和蒋介石的个人独裁，与孙中山的本意背道而驰。

Sun Yat-sen's objective of promoting' Run the country by political parties' was to lead China into the course of democracy politics. At the beginning of 'Trainning Period', Kuomintang declared to carry on Sun Yat-sen's thought and to be held fully responsible for 'Trainning', and then, established the relations between the party and the Kuomintang Government through a series of constitution instruments. The system of government under' Run a country by political parties' was set up, which lead to autocracy, that is the substance which is contrary to Sun Yat - sen' s thought, and has no logic relations with the constitutionalism and party politics.