大兴安岭低质林生态改造后枯落物水文效应变化

Changes of Litter Hydrological Capacity in Low-quality Forest in Daxing'an Mountains after Ecological Reformation

试验样地设置在大兴安岭地区翠峰林场174林班,对大兴安岭白桦低质林枯落物未分解层及半分解层蓄积量、自然持水率、最大持水率、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量5个指标进行连续4 a的观测,研究发现带状生态改造对枯落物的蓄积量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量及自然持水率影响属于中度变异。对枯落物未分解层最大持水率属于高度变异,而对其半分解层最大持水率属于中度变异。带状生态改造对低质林枯落物的影响较为适中。林窗生态改造对枯落物的蓄积量、最大持水量影响属于高度变异,对自然持水量、有效拦蓄量的影响属于中度变异,对枯落物未分解层最大持水率影响属于高度变异,而对枯落物半分解层最大持水率影响属于中度变异。经过4 a带状及林窗生态改造后,生态改造带宽度6 m的样地,其枯落物蓄积量最大,水土保持能力最佳;生态改造带宽度14m的样地,枯落物有效拦蓄量最大,水源涵养功能最佳。

We took 174 blocks from Cuifeng Forest Bureau in Daxing ’ an Mountains to observe the total storage , natural water capacity, maximum water capacity , maximum water content rate , effective retain rate of the white birch low-quality in both undecomposed litter and half-decomposed litter in successive four years .The belt-ecological reformation had moderate effects on the total storage , natural water capacity , maximum water capacity , and effective retain rate .While the belt-eco-logical reformation affected the maximum water content rate of undecomposed litter highly , it affected the half-decomposed moderately .The influence of belt-ecological reformation is middling .By window-ecological reformation , the total storage and maximum water capacity was strongly affected , meanwhile, effective retain rate and natural water capacity was moder-ately varied.The maximum water content rate and the undecomposed level changed significantly , while the half-decom-posed varied middling.After four years’ reformation, the plot with 6-m width had the largest total storage, and it could hold the soil and water best .The effective retain rate for the plot with 14-m width was the biggest , and its water-conserva-tion is best .