我院70例药品不良反应分析和临床对策

Analysis on 70 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions and Study on Their Preventive Measures

目的探讨药品不良反应（ADR）的发生特点，促进临床合理用药。方法选取医院2012至2013年收集的70例ADR病例，对性别、年龄、药物种类、涉及的具体药品、临床表现等进行回顾性统计分析。结果70例ADR报告中，性别无明显差异；年龄以41—60岁和18岁以下发生率最高；药物种类以营养药、中药制剂、抗菌药物3大类为主，涉及的具体药物品种以哌拉西林他唑巴坦、注射用脂溶性维生素I、参芎葡萄糖注射液为主；临床表现以过敏性皮疹最多见，过敏性休克和重症药疹最严重。结论临床应着重加强对营养药、中药制剂、抗菌药物以及联合用药的监管，以减少或避免ADR发生。

Objective To study the occurrence characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） to promote rational drug use. Methods 70 cases of ADR collected in our hospital during 2012-2013 were selected and performed the etrospective analysis on the sex, age, drug type, involved concrete drugs, clinical manifestations, etc. Results Among 70 cases of ADR, gender had no significant difference, the age of 41-60 years old and below 18 years old had the highest incidence rate;the drug types were dominated by three categories of the nutritional drugs, Chinese medicine preparations and antibacterial dugs, the involved concrete drugs were mainly piperacillin and tazobactam, Fat- Soluble Vitamins I for Injection and Shenxiong Glucose Injection; the most of clinical manifestations were allergic skin rash, anaphylactic shock and severe drug rash were most serious. Conclusion Clinic should focus on strengthening the supervision on nutritional drugs, Chinese medicine preparations and antibacterial drugs, as well as the supervision on the combined medication to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR.