干旱胁迫对不同基因型油菜农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of drought stress on agronomic traits and yield of different rapeseed genotypes

研究干旱胁迫下初花期油菜的农艺性状和产量,为油菜耐旱机制研究和耐旱新品种选育奠定基础。在人工控水条件下,以30个油菜品种(品系)为材料,研究初花期干旱胁迫对不同基因型油菜株高、分枝数、主花序长、角果数、角果粒数、千粒质量、产量等的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,油菜株高、一次分枝数、主花序长、主花序角果数、单株角果数、角果粒数、单株产量显著减小,而千粒质量表现出增加的趋势。株高、一次分枝数、主花序长、主花序角果数、角果长度、单株角果数、角果粒数、单株产量的耐旱系数与耐旱性综合评价值呈极显著相关,这些指标可以作为耐旱性鉴定的辅助指标。以耐旱性综合评价值为标准进行聚类分析,将供试30个品种(品系)划分为耐旱型、较耐旱型、不耐旱型3种类型,其中耐旱型品种为丰油730、阳光2009、浔油8号。

The agronomic traits and yield components of rapeseed under drought stress during early flowering stage were studied for drought-tolerance breeding. Thirty genotypes of rapeseed were measured for plant height, number of bran-ches, inflorescence length, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1 000 seeds and yield. The plant height, number of primary branches, inflorescence length, number of pods on main inflorescence, number of pods per plant, num-ber of seeds per pod and yield per plant decreased under drought stress, however, the weight of 1 000 seeds increased. The drought tolerance coefficients of plant height, number of primary branches, inflorescence length, number of pods on main inflorescence, pod length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and yield per plant showed highly significant correlations with the comprehensive evaluation value of drought tolerance, indicating that these traits can be used as indica-tors for drought tolerance indentification. Thirty genotypes of rapeseed were clustered into three groups based on the com-prehensive evaluation value of drought tolerance, which were tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive. Three varieties, Fengyou730, Yangguang2009 and Xunyou8 are drought tolerant.