淮北地区麦茬钵苗机插水稻的增产优势及其形成特征

Yield advantages of machine-transplanted potted seedling of rice following wheat in Huaibei area

为探讨钵苗机插技术在淮北稻区的适应性，本研究在淮北地区麦-稻两熟制条件下，以杂交粳稻（2640、1640）和常规粳稻（连粳7号、徐稻3号）为材料，设置钵苗机插、毯苗机插和直播3种种植方式，通过随机区组试验对水稻产量及其构成因素、秧苗素质、光合物质生产、生育期、温光利用等方面进行分析。结果显示，杂交粳稻和常规粳稻的产量均表现为钵苗机插〉毯苗机插〉直播，且三者间均达到极显著差异，而杂交粳稻在钵苗机插条件下的增产优势更为明显。成熟期光合物质生产表现为钵苗机插〉毯苗机插〉直播，且三者间达到了极显著差异。相比较钵苗机插水稻，毯苗机插水稻和直播水稻各生育期延长，成熟期分别推迟1～2d和3～5d；杂交粳稻和常规粳稻的全生育期积温和光照时数均表现出钵苗机插〉毯苗机插〉直播。表明钵苗机插稻向前扩张了生育期，增加了对温光资源的利用，熟期相对较早，更利于高产，具有更好的适应性。

To explore the adaptability of potted seedling machine transplanting in Huaibei area, a randomized block experiment was conducted on japonica hybrid rice 2640 and 1640 and japonica conventional rice Xudao 3 and Lianjing 7 in a wheat-rice cropping systems to analyse the yield, yield components, seedling quality, photosynthetic production, growth period and utilization of temperature and illumination. Three kinds of cultivation modes, the potted seedling machine trans-planting, blanket seedlings machine transplanting and direct seeding were applied. The yields of both rice materials were showed as machine transplanting＆gt;blanket seedlings machine transplanting＆gt;direct seeding, and the differences were ex-tremely significant. Machine transplanted potted hybrid rice seedling exhibited highlighet yield advantage. The rice per-formed the highest photosynthetic production at maturity in the mode of potted seedling machine transplanting, followed by blanket seedlings machine transplanting and direct seeding. Compared with potted seedling machine transplanting, the growth periods of blanket seedlings ma-chine transplanting and direct seeding were longer, the maturity being delayed by 1-2 d and 3-5 d, respectively. The accumulated temperature and illumination hours of 〈br〉 both rice were the highest in the mode of potted seedling machine transplanting, followed by blanket seedlings machine transplanting and direct seeding. These results indicated that potted seedling machine transplanting may be more conducive to high yield even super high yield by improving the utilization of temperature and illumination benefited from the extension of growth period and early maturity.