基于AHP的古建筑火灾风险评估方法研究

Study on fire risk assessment of historic buildings based on AHP

通过分析古建筑火灾案例,在凤凰古城、张谷英村和南岳大庙等古建筑群进行实地调研,辨识出古建筑具有"建筑耐火等级低、成片布局,消防设施不齐全且损坏严重,人员消防安全素质差"等火灾危险性特点。应用火灾风险指数法构建古建筑火灾风险评估指标体系,利用层次分析法进一步确定评估指标权重Wi,建立古建筑火灾风险评估方法。运用该评估方法对凤凰古城某典型家庭旅馆进行示范评估,对科学开展古建筑火灾预防工作具有参考意义。该评估方法能够适应于多数古建筑的火灾风险评估,但现在的古建筑形式较多,将来有必要细化不同类型古建筑的评估指标。为减少评估过程的大量重复性计算和分析,下一步可开发相应的计算机程序。

With analysis of historic buildings＇fire cases and field research in ancient architectural complexes like the Ancient City of Phoenix,Zhang Guying Village and Nanyue Temple,the author identifies ancient building fire hazard features such as “low fire resistance rating,tract -based layout,incomplete and severely damaged fire -fighting devices and personnel with inadequate fire safety quality”.This paper used the fire risk index to build the fire risk assessment system for historic buildings.It then further defines the Index Weights （Wi ）via AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process）and sets up the fire risk assessment method for historic buildings.It applied this assessment method in the case of a typical family hotel in the Ancient City of Phoenix,with conclusions and suggestions.This method can be applicable to fire risk assessment for most historic buildings.Given their various forms at present,it will be necessary to make more detailed assessment indicators for historic buildings with dif-ferent types.To reduce numerously repetitive computation and analysis in the assessment process,a computer program can be accordingly developed next.