全球气候变暖影响植物-传粉者网络的研究进展

New advances in effects of global warming on plant-pollinator networks

植物与传粉者间相互作用,构成了复杂的传粉网络。目前,以气候变化为主要特征的全球变暖对植物-传粉者网络的影响备受关注,概述了近年来这方面研究的几个主要热点问题及其进展,和相关研究方法。并在此基础上,提出了气温持续上升背景下,植物-传粉者网络未来的研究趋势。当前研究的主要热点问题有:(1)气候变暖使植物、传粉者的物候发生变化,并通过影响植物的开花时间和传粉者活动时间,导致两者在物候时间上的不同步。(2)气候变暖导致植物、传粉者的群落结构变化,促使其地理分布向更高纬度和更高海拔扩散,这可能潜在的导致两者空间分布的不匹配。(3)植物和传粉者通过增加或减少其丰富度来响应气候变暖,可能导致传粉网络结构特征发生变化。(4)面对气候变暖导致植物和传粉者间物候和地理分布错配所引发的互作改变、甚至解体,传粉网络可通过自身网络结构及快速进化来缓冲和适应。在今后研究中,以下几个问题值得探讨:1)气候变暖对植物-传粉者网络影响的大时空尺度变异模式。2)多因素协同作用对植物-传粉者网络的影响特征。3)全球气候变暖对植物、传粉者物候匹配性影响的机理。

The interactions between plants and pollinators result in complex pollination networks. The effects of global climate warming on plant-pollinator networks have attracted extensive attention at present. In this paper, we attempt to introduce several major advances and some new interests in this area. Furthermore, we discussed the future research trends of plant-pollinator networks based on continuously rising temperature. （1） Climate warming makes phenology shift of plants and pollinators by affecting flowering time of plants and activity time of pollinators, which leads to a temporal decoupling of plants and pollinators. （2） Climate warming may cause changes in community structure of plants and pollinators and thus make them distribute to areas in higher latitude and altitude. These changes may result in spatial mismatch of plants and pollinators. （3） Plants and pollinators response to climate warming by increase or decrease its abundance, which may cause changes in structure of pollination networks. （4） The structure and rapid evolution of pollination networks can adapt to the changes or even collapse of interaction between plants and pollinators that result from the phenological and geographical distribution mismatch caused by climate warming. The following contents should be studied in the further research： （1） The effects of climate warming on plant-pollinator networks at large spatiotemporal scales; （2） The effects of multi-factorial synergy on plant-pollinator networks; （3） The mechanism of phenological matching caused by global warming.