帕金森病发病机制及治疗药物的研究进展

The Research Progress of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment

目的：总结帕金森病（PD）发病机制及影响因素,阐述其治疗药物的研究进展。方法：应用Pub Med和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以帕金森病、发病机制、治疗药物为关键词,检索2005～2015年的相关文献。纳入标准：1PD发病的特征表现;2PD发病机制的影响因素;3PD的治疗药物。符合要求纳入分析的文献27篇。结果：由脑内黑质神经元细胞代谢异常或死亡造成的多巴胺含量降低是PD发病的特征表现。PD发病机制产生影响的主要因素有遗传、环境、兴奋性毒素、Ca＋细胞毒、自由基、氧化应激、免疫异常等。目前PD的主要治疗药物有左旋多巴、多巴胺受体激动剂、抗胆碱制剂、谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、儿茶酚—氧位—甲基转移酶（COMT）抑制剂、单胺氧化酶（MAO-B）抑制剂、腺苷酸A2A阻滞剂、神经营养因子、基因治疗等。结论：PD发病机制尚未完全明确并仍处于无法根治的阶段。PD发病机制深入研究的同时,新药研发拥有了更多机会。

Objective：To summarize the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease, its influencing factors（PD） and advances in the treatment of drugs. Methods： using database system of PubMed and CNKI to retrieval their information from 2005 to 2015 years of relevant literature and making Parkinson＇s disease, pathogenesis, treatment as keyword. Inclusion criteria： ①Characterized by the onset of PD; ②Factors PD pathogenesis; ③ PD therapeutic agents. Meeting the requirements included in the analysis of literatures’ number is 27. Results：Characterized by the onset of PD is dopamine in the brain substantia nigra neurons metabolism or death caused by the reduction. The main factors affecting pathogenesis of PD are genetic, environmental, excitotoxic, Ca＋cytotoxic free radicals, oxidative stress, immune disorders. At present, there are levodopa, dopamine agonists, anticholinergic agents, glutamate receptor antagonists, catechol - O -methyltransferase （COMT） inhibitors, monoamine oxidase （MAO-B）inhibitors, adenosine A2A antagonists, neurotrophic factors, and gene therapy as PD therapeutic agents. Conclusion：Pathogenesis of PD is not entirely clear and stays in incurable stage. Pathogenesis of PD making further research, Meanwhile the development of its new drug has more scientific basis.