副词“颇”的来源及其发展

The origin and evolution of the adverb po(颇)

本文以出土文献和传世文献相结合,借鉴当代的"语法化"理论和"主观化"理论,对副词"颇"的意义和用法进行了全面的梳理,主要结论如下:(1)范围副词来源于形容词"颇",大约产生于秦代。曾经有过"部分(一些)"、"大多(大部分)"和"约略"等用法。(2)程度副词"颇"是范围副词"颇"主观化并向两极发展的结果,大约产生于西汉。先后有过表示"低度"、"高度"、"甚度"等用法。(3)频率副词"颇"由范围副词"颇"发展而来,大约产生于西汉。最早表示"低频",后来表示"高频"。(4)否定副词来源于表示频率极低因而含有否定意义的频率副词,通行时间约为西汉到南北朝时期。(5)疑问副词"颇"产生于东汉晚期,是否跟上述用法相关,现在还不能确定。

Based on the classical and unearthed texts,this paper gives a detailed description of the meanings and functions of the adverb po(颇) within the theoretical framework of grammarticalization and subjectivization,etc.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The range adverb po(almost or approximately) originates in the Qin Dynasty from the adjective po(firstly a part of or some and later a great part of).(2) The degree adverb po results from the subjectivization and polarization of the range adverb po,which includes the historical variations indicating slight degree,rather high degree and very high degree.(3) The frequency adverb po is used in the period from Western Han Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Dynasties,meaning sometimes or occasionally at first and several times or often later.(4) The negative adverb po evolves from the frequency adverb po with the usage of ' very low frequency',and it is used only in Western Han Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.(5) It is still unclear whether a genetic relationship exists between the above usages and the interrogative adverb po,which is found used in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.