不同氮素形态配施氨基酸对翠冠梨生长及品质的影响研究

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms Combined with Amino Acids on Growth and Quality of Cuiguan Pears(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)

为探讨不同氮素配施氨基酸对梨树生长、产量及品质的影响，连续两年在8年生翠冠梨上开展了等氮条件下单施硝铵和尿素及配施氨基酸的研究。结果表明，单施硝铵处理较单施尿素处理显著增加了SPAD值、叶面积和百叶重，分别比尿素处理增加了2．8％、5．9％和7．2％。硝铵配施氨基酸处理显著增加了单果重。单施硝铵处理较单施尿素处理显著增加了单株产量、硬度和可溶性糖，有增加可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的趋势。花后110天硝铵配施氨基酸处理比单施硝铵处理显著增加了果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量。各种糖在不同生育期所占比例不同，花后46天果实中山梨醇所占比例最高，约占总糖含量的69％～73％，葡萄糖和果糖比例相当；随着果实的发育，果糖和蔗糖比例逐渐增加，山梨醇比例降低。总体看来，硝铵配施氨基酸处理更有利于梨树生长和果实品质的提高。

A two-year continuous experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on tree growth, yield, and quality of pear. Eight-year-old Cuiguan pear trees were treated with a single application of ammonium nitrate or urea and combined amino acids under equal nitrogen conditions. The results showed that compared with single application of urea, single application of ammonium nitrate treatment significantly increased SPAD value, the leaf area and weight of 100 leaves increased by 2.8%, 5.9% and 7.2%, respectively. Ammonium nitrate combined amino acids treatment significantly increased the fruit weight. Compared with single application of urea, single ammonium nitrate treatment significantly increased yield per plant, firmness of fruit and soluble sugar, an increasing trend was found on the content of soluble solids and titratable acidity. At 110 days after flowering, ammonium nitrate combined amino acids treatment significantly increased the growth of fructose, glucose and sucrose than single ammonium nitrate. Various sugars had different proportion in each period. Sorbitol was the most abundant sugar during 46 days after flowering, accounting for 69%-73% of the total sugar content, glucose and fructose had a quite proportion; with the fruit developed, fructose and sucrose content increased, but the proportion of sorbitol declined. Overall, Ammonium nitrate combined amino acids is most beneficial for improving pear growth and fruit quality.