论美国对高校骚扰言论的管制与调查——以“敌意环境型”骚扰言论为中心

On Regulation to Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment Speech in the University of U.S.A.

"敌意环境型"骚扰言论的管理与言论自由保障之间存在着冲突。美国法律容许教育部门、高校为保障良好的教学环境和照顾女生等弱势群体,适度限制师生在课堂、公共场所等区域的言论自由。高校骚扰言论一旦构成"敌意环境型"骚扰,行为人就会连同学校一并受罚。但是,只有骚扰言论严重到使"受害人沦为言论的俘虏"的程度时,才构成违法,情节轻微的性别歧视言论、含有政治表达内容的冒犯言论不在违法言论之列。

The education institution and university should constrain freedom of speech to protect the Education benefits of Vulnerable Groups. The perpetrator using the hostile Environment Sexual Harassment speech will be punished together with his university. However, the obviously minor sexist remarks, offensive remarks contain political speech is legal. Besides, the review should apply for the captive audience principle.