美国高校“非升即走”制的保障机制分析——兼论我国实施该制度的路径优化

The Supporting Mechanism of “Up-or-Out” System of American Colleges and the Optimized Track of Enforcing the System in Our Country

充裕而优质的教职来源、强有力的专业化成长支撑、完善的学术自觉、畅通的人才流动渠道和多元的文化认可机制是美国高校"非升即走"制生存的土壤。我国在借鉴国外"非升即走"制的实施过程中产生了积极效应,但同时也在一定程度上加剧了科研的"大跃进"、"急功近利地炮制学术成果"、"人才管理困境"等诸多问题的出现。为此,要强化大学的人才培养功能、凸显"教学"的学术生产力、完善教师"走"后的顶层设计、实行教师分类管理、落实"非升即走"制的保障机制,从而实现我国实施"非升即走"制的路径优化。

＂Up-or-out＂ system of American colleges is based on sufficient and superior faculty sources, powerful support from professional development, perfect academic self-awareness, unimpeded channel of talents flowing and ingrained mechanism of multi-culture. The ＂up-or-out＂ system in America has a great influence on our country in the course of bringing it into force. However it aggravates the occurrence of some problems such as ＂the greater leap forward＂ in scientific research;more and more scholars plagiarize the scientific payoffs and the quality of teaching incline to drop. Hence, in order to make the optimized track of enforcing the system in our country, we should reinforce the function of teaching in university, highlight the academic productivity of teaching, improve top-level design after teachers＇ leave, implement classification management of teachers and guarantee the supporting mechanism of the ＂up-or-out＂ system.