部分小麦品种(系)品质相关基因的分子检测

Identification of Major Quality Genes in Some Wheat Cultivars from Yellow and Huai River Valley Wheat Region

为了了解小麦品种(系)的遗传信息,提高优质小麦育种的效率,利用已有的品质相关基因的分子标记(Dx5、Wx-A1、Wx-B1、Wx-D1、1BL/1RS、PPO18和PPO29)检测了144份黄淮麦区、3份国内其他麦区和8份德国品种(系)的基因等位变异类型。结果表明,5+10亚基类型、Wx-B1b和1BL/1RS易位的出现频率分别为34.8%、2.0%和47.1%,郑麦、新麦、淮麦、烟台以及徐麦等系列小麦品种(系)5+10亚基出现频率较高,而周麦系列中频率较低;未检测到Wx-A1b、Wx-D1b以及双缺失类型的材料;2A染色体上PPO等位基因Ppo-A1a(高PPO)、Ppo-A1b(低PPO)及杂合型基因型出现频率分别为45.8%、49.7%和4.5%,2D染色体上PPO等位基因Ppo-D1a(低PPO)和Ppo-D1b(高PPO)基因型出现频率分别为47.1%和52.9%,两个基因组合类型Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b(中等PPO)的出现频率最高,为29.0%,Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a(中等PPO)、Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b(双高PPO)以及Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a(双低PPO)的出现频率依次为23.9%、21.9%和20.6%;聚合多个优质基因的频率很低,同时含有5+10亚基、缺失1个Wx基因、非1BL/1RS易位以及双位点低PPO活性(Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a)的材料仅有1份(郑麦366),同时含5+10亚基、非1BL/1RS易位以及Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a的材料也仅占5.2%,应加大多个优异基因聚合品种的选育力度。

A total of 155 wheat cultivars（lines）,including 144 from Yellow and Huai River Valley wheat region,3from other wheat regions and 8from Germany,were evaluated with the existed functional markers（Dx5,Wx-A1,Wx-B1,Wx-D1,1BL/1RS,PPO18 and PPO29）for quality genes.The results indicated that the frequency of cultivars with 5＋10subunits,Wx-B1 b and 1BL/1RS translocation was 34.8%,2.0%and 47.1%,respectively.Frequency of 5＋10subunits in Zhengmai,Xinmai,Huaimai,Yantai and Xumai cultivars was much higher than that of in Zhoumai cultivars.No Wx-A1 b,Wx-D1 b and double null type was tested.The frequency of Ppo-A1a（high PPO）,Ppo-A1b（low PPO）,Ppo-D1a（low PPO）and Ppo-D1b（high PPO）was 45.8%,49.7%,47.1%and 52.9%,while allelic combinations of PPOgene for Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a（medium PPO）,Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b（doublehigh PPO）and Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a（double low PPO）accounted for 23.9%,21.9% and 20.6%,respectively.The frequency of Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b（medium PPO）was much higher,up to 29.0%.Only one cultivar（Zhengmai 366）carry all desired alleles for five genes.Cultivars with 5＋10subunits,non 1BL/1RS translocation and Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1 aaccounted for only 5.2%.Thus,more efforts are needed to breed cultivars with several quality genes.