不同基因型小麦灌浆和抗倒伏性能与籽粒产量的关系

Grain-filling Characteristics and Stem Lodging Resistance and Their Relationships with Grain Yields of Different Genotypic Wheat

为了给小麦高产栽培及新品种选育提供依据,在大田条件下,对14个不同基因型小麦的籽粒灌浆过程和茎秆抗倒伏性进行研究。结果表明:小麦籽粒干质量呈"S"型曲线增长,经Logistic方程模拟,灌浆特性的参数存在差异。粒质量主要由平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率和渐增期持续时间决定,与灌浆持续时间和快增期持续时间关系不显著。渐增期增长有利于扩大库容,利于粒质量的增加。相关分析表明,倒伏指数和倒伏率呈极显著正相关,因此,倒伏指数可反映其抗倒伏性强弱。西农121的倒伏指数最小为0.507,与其他基因型相比差异显著。倒伏指数与基部第2节关系密切,基部第2节机械强度越大、壁越厚、充实度越高,倒伏指数就越小,茎秆抗倒性就越强;适当降低株高可以降低植株的重心高度,增强植株抗倒能力。综合分析说明,西农121、农大1108籽粒灌浆速度较快,粒质量较高,产量表现好,抗倒伏性能良好。

In order to provide some support for the cultivation and breeding of high-yield new wheat varieties,the grain-filling process and stem lodging resistance of 14 different genotypic wheat were field tested in this study.It was indicated that the increment of wheat grain dry mass showed a ＂S＂curve,and the grain-filling parameters presented some disparities after the simulation of Logistic equation.Grain mass was mainly decided by average grain-filling rate,maximum grain-filling rate,grain-filling rate during the rapid increasing stage and the duration of gradual increasing stage,but it was not significantly correlated with the duration of the whole grain-filling stage and the rapid increasing stage.The prolonging of gradual increasing stage was conducive for the enlarging of storage capacity and the increasing of grain mass.Correlation analysis illustrated that lodging index and lodging rate was significantly positive correlated,so lodging index could reflect the capacity of wheat lodging resistance.The lodging index of Xinong 121 was the smallest,which reached 0.507,were significantly different with those of other genotypes.Lodging index was closely related with the basal secondstem internodes.The mechanical intensity,thickness and plumpness of the stem wall were positively correlated with lodging resistance of the wheat stem.Besides,the reduction of height could in a certain way enhance stem lodging resistance due to the shift down of gravity center.Comparing with other genotypes,Xinong 121 and Nongda 1108 showed higher grain-filling rate,larger grain mass,higher yield and better stem lodging resistance.