南海航道安全保障法律机制有效性与局限性研究

On the Effectiveness and Limitations of the Channel Security Legal Systems of the South China Sea

为了应对海上航道安全威胁,南海各方经过努力形成了航道安全保障法律机制。该机制具有一定有效性,但也存在许多局限性,如合作机制的软法性导致遵约和履约行为的非拘束性、合作机制固有的妥协性与弱惩戒性损害其权威性、合作机制的原则性影响权利义务的确定性、合作机制的独立性受限于国际势力干预性,以及合作机制的公共物品属性影响其实效性。这些局限需要南海各方协同以破解制度困境:构建软硬法有机联系的合作法律机制;完善航道安全保障法律机制的内在构成要素;协同努力确保合作法律机制的独立性;强化南海各方有效合作的"选择性诱因"机制。

In order to deal with the problem of the channel Security,the nations boarding the South Sea have de-veloped the channel security legal systems of Maritime Silk Road,which has certain effectiveness. However,the limitations are soft law leading to non-binding,fuzziness affecting the certainty of rights and obligations,independ-ence of the mechanism difficult to get rid of intrusiveness,public goods difficult to ensure its effectiveness,which demand all to crack the dilemmas of systems：developing appropriately the legal mechanisms of cooperation which are included hard and soft laws systematically,not affected by outside forces,perfect internal components,and in-creasing the tools to promote effective implementation.