大数据法律保护摭谈

A Brief Discussion on the Legal Protection of Big Data

大数据具备的私权和公权属性以及重要的战略价值,决定了对其提供立法保护的正当性与必要性。版权制度是保护大数据的主流法律模式,但是却存在着版权客体的地位不明晰、版权保护的标准不统一、提供保护的力度较弱、司法审判的主观性等突出问题。相比之下,用邻接权法保护大数据不仅有较好的适用性和制度上的比较优势,而且有可资借鉴的国际立法先例,同时我国司法实践亦有相近似的尝试。大数据邻接权法律体系的内容包括主体与客体、权利类型、权利行使限制、保护期、侵权行为及侵权认定、法律责任和责任豁免、举证规则,等等。

The private and public right attributes of big data and its important strategic value determine the legitimacy and necessity of legislative protection. Copyright protection,as a mainstream protection model for big data,has the problems such as the unclear position of object copyright, not unified standards, the weak protection, and the subjectivity of justice. In contrast,using Neighboring Rights Act to protect big data not only has the advantages in applicability and system,but also can refer to the cases of foreign countries for reference and similar attempts in the legal practice of our country. The big data neighboring rights legal system includes subject and object,the types of rights,limitation of rights,period of protection, infringements and the identification of the infringements, legal responsibility and responsibility exempts,rule of burden of proof,and so on.