基于改进的HFACS和SPA的矿山安全人因分析

Human factor analysis of the mining safety based on the improved HFACS and SPA

为了更好地服务于矿山安全管理,同时解决矿山人为因素调查、分析和评价方面存在的缺失,对部分矿山事故进行了统计分析,研究了诱发事故发生的人因因素,并分析了各因素发生的原因。在此基础上,结合对部分矿山安全管理现状的研究,建立了矿山HFACS分析模型。该模型包括5类事故致因、24个人因因素。应用该模型,结合集对分析方法,可实现矿山人因因素定量与定性分析。以陕西省某矿山为例,建立了该矿山的HFACS模型。采用专家评分法、层次分析法确定各因素的权重,计算出系统的联系度表达式。利用该表达式对该矿山的集对势、联系度、不确定性和悲观势进行了分析。结果表明,该矿山人因安全状况良好,个别人因因素指标需要改善和提高。矿山HFACS模型可以很好地涵盖矿山事故中的人因因素,通过对矿山人因现状的集对分析,可以有效提高矿山安全性。

This paper is aimed at introducing a new model to study the human factors in the mining safety via the theories of HFACS（ human factors analysis and classification system） and SPA（ set pair analysis）. In order to be able to manage the mining safety in a successful way and fill the gap among the research,analysis and evaluation of human factors in the mining safety,we have analyzed some mining accidents and made evaluations over the human factors in them along with the other areas concerned. And,then,we began to engage in some other research areas on the current situations of some other mine safety management methods and how the HFACS model works in the other areas,such as the aviation and power industry, based on which we have established a mine HFACS analysis model. Setting the research goals,we have invited experts and scholars in this area for some advice from a few mine managers,safety supervisors,to qualitify the given model,which includes five kinds of likely accident causes（ poor organization and management,unsafe supervision,premise of unsafe behaviors,unsafe behaviors and inappropriate emergency rescue） and twentyfour human factors. Further quantitative and qualitative analyses of human factors have been done through the set pair analysis. Take a mine in Shaanxi as an example,we have adopted the HFACS model we have prepared along with the expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process（ AHP）,and as a result,we have made account of the joint degree expression of the system. Analyzing the expression of the set pair potential of the mine,the connection degree,uncertainty and negative potential,we have made a conclusion that this mine is in a proper safety condition though some human factors are to be brought about to the position,such as the mining safety culture,the psyche state of the workmen,as well as such factors as the emergency response capabilities. All in all,the mine HFACS model has been made to cover almost all the human factors in the relation to the mining accidents,along with the set pair analysis so as to heighten the mine safety level timely and efficiently. Thus,the results of this paper are expected to serve as a valuable reference for further study of the mining accidents.