ATIS环境下驾驶员认知负荷研究进展

Research advances in vehicle drivers' cognitive load under ATIS

为构建更加符合驾驶员认知特性的出行信息环境,提高驾驶员出行信息服务水平,对ATIS环境下驾驶员认知负荷研究进展进行系统分析与评述。首先阐述了认知负荷的理论基础,随后分析了ATIS环境下驾驶员认知负荷的影响因素,同时分类解析了驾驶员内在认知负荷、外在认知负荷与相关认知负荷的产生根源,并对认知负荷的形成机理进行了分析;系统评述了驾驶员认知负荷的测量方法,最后基于驾驶员信息认知负荷提出了ATIS优化对策。结果表明:年龄、性别、受教育程度、月收入、出行经验是影响驾驶员认知负荷的主要因素;道路交通标志的版面设计与驾驶员的标志视认时间关联密切;驾驶过程中拨打手机及使用车载终端均会分散驾驶员注意力,增加驾驶员的信息认知负荷;较高的车速与音频播放等环境会对驾驶员的信息认知能力提出更高要求。

In order to build up a travel information environment suitable for the motor vehicle drivers＇ cognitive characteristics and promote the transportation and traffic service level,the paper intends to provide a systematic research analysis and comprehensive comment over the drivers ＇ cognitive load under the ATIS condition. First of all,the theoretical foundation of the cognitive load was elaborated by analyzing the influential factors of the drivers＇ cognitive loads under ATIS condition. Then,the inherent information mechanism of the cognitive load was disclosed and a review of the measuring methods for the drivers＇ cognitive load was summarized. Finally,optimized strategies were proposed for ATIS based on the aforementioned theoretic basis of the information cognitive science. The results reveal that age,gender,education degree,personal income and travel experience may all constitute the influential factors of the drivers＇ cognitive load. Drivers＇ visual recognition time is closely tied with the layouts of road traffic signs,and using phone or the vehicle terminals takes drivers much attention. Further promotions are necessary to improve the drivers＇ cognitive load measurement under ATIS by increasing the regularity and validity of the drivers ＇ measurement method,such as build up a comprehensive measuring system by integrating the use of the physical indicators measurement and the driving performance measurement. All in all,the drivers ＇ cognitive load under ATIS should be a set of key influential factors that may affect the information response behavior and also contributes to the road traffic safety,and therefore it is of particular attention to be focused on the travel information release. Besides,the layouts of road traffic signs and the variable message signs should be made independent and easy for cognition,the vehicle terminal application need to be optimized suited for using and it＇s necessary to build up a standard travel information release system for ATIS.