境外项目中方雇员(含华人)遭袭案例分析与规避

Analysis and a case study of the Chinese employees(overseas Chinese included) abroad being attacked and ways for prevention

美国石油学会和美国石油炼制者协会提出了石油石化行业社会安全脆弱性评估方法,其中可能性的参考点主要包袭击动机、袭击方式、袭击时间、袭击地点和遭袭者身份5个要素,该风险评估模式仅对可能性的1~5级进行了简要的定性描述。对2001年1月至2014年4月间新闻媒体公开报道的122起境外中方人员（含华人）遭袭的事故案例进行了定量分析（袭击动机：抢劫钱财39.34%、地缘政治19.67%、宗教或文化冲突18.03%、社区诉求13.12%及其他动机9.84%。袭击方式：持枪袭击32.79%、实施暴力20.49%、绑架劫持19.67%、炸弹袭击12.30%及其他方式14.75%。袭击时间：凌晨18.03%、上午12.30%、中午4.10%、下午8.20%、夜间27.05%及不明时间30.32%。遭袭地点：人群集聚区24.59%、华人商业区22.15%、工地22.15%、路途13.13%、豪华酒店3.28%、郊区2.47%及其他地区12.23%。遭袭者身份：中方雇员41.80%、华人店主/个体35.24%、中国留学生8.20%、中方游客5.74%及其他人员9.02%）,将此统计结果的百分比与可能性构成要素各项最高分级数值5相乘,得出以122起遭袭案例为样本的风险评估可能性的更为准确的数值。还结合该122起事故案例的统计分析结果详细介绍了中国石油天然气集团公司社会安全管理体系的关键性要素。

This paper is entitled as an analysis and a case study of the Chinese employees（ Overseas Chinese included） abroad being attacked and ways for prevention according to the security vulnerability analysis（ SVA） offered by the American Petroleum Institute and the Petroleum Refinery Association. In this paper,the＂probability＂components contain the following study aspects： the attacking intention,the attacking method,the attacking time,the attacking areas,and the social backgrounds of the people being likely to be attacked. Nevertheless,the given SVA risk assessment mode can only provide a general qualitative description for one to five degrees of ＂probability＂. For our research purpose,we have collected and analyzed 122 attack cases of Chinese overseas which have been published in the mass media from January,2001,to April in 2014. In this paper,we have also analyzed the attacking intention,methods,time,area,and social backgrounds of the people being attacked to get the statistic frequencies of the above aspects. The above mentioned attacking facts can be illustrated as follows： in terms of attacking intention： robbery39. 34%; geopolitics： 19. 67%; religious or cultural clash：18. 03%; community demands： 13. 12%; and the other intentions： 9. 84 %. And,in terms of attacking methods： gun-fightings： 32. 79%; violence： 20. 49%,kidnap： 19. 67%,bombing attacks： 12. 30% and the rest attacking methods： 14. 75%.And,in terms of attacking time： before dawn： 18. 03%; in the morning： 12. 30%; at noon： 4. 10%; afternoon hours： 8. 20%;at night： 27. 05%; and other indefinite hours： 30. 32%. And,in terms of attacking cases： gathering place： 24. 59%; the Chinese business areas： 22. 15%; the Chinese working places：22. 15%; the process of trip hours： 13. 13%; luxury hotels：3. 28%; in the suburban areas： 2. 47%; and in other areas：12. 23%. And,in terms of social status of the Chinese being attacked： Business employees： 41. 80% and 35. 24%; the overseas Chinese students： 8. 20%; the Chinese tourists： 5. 74%and the rest Chinese： 9. 02%. In our paper,we have also improved the accurate calculation methods by multiplying the process of ＂probability＂of each component statistic results and the 5 enterprises and personnel concerned can get more accurate results of＂probability＂than by means of the SVA risk assessment mode. At the same time,this paper has to show our gratitude to the semantic security management of the China National Petroleum Company which has offered valuable guide to other enterprisers and workers involved in overseas background.