中国省域环境压力综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of the provinciallevel environmental pressures in China

以中国30个省、自治区和直辖市为研究对象,以1997—2010年为研究区间,选取各省工业SO2排放量、烟尘排放量、粉尘排放量、废水排放量、固体废弃物产生量和碳排放量6类环境污染基础指标,运用"纵横向"拉开档次法构建环境压力综合指标,从环境压力平均水平、变化趋势和变动程度3个角度深入分析各省、自治区和直辖市在1997—2010年的环境压力。结果表明,根据环境压力平均水平,我国各省、自治区和直辖市可分别划入高、中、低3个环境压力区域,各省环境压力也分别呈现上升、下降、U型和倒U型4种变化趋势。此外,内蒙古环境压力不断上升,四川和辽宁环境压力不断下降,三者变动系数较大,分别达到0.08、0.06和0.05。研究表明,内蒙古的环境现状不乐观,亟须改善;而四川和辽宁二省环保工作实施效果较好,大幅度降低了环境压力,可作为其他省、自治区和直辖市降低环境压力的学习对象。

The present article aims to introduce the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the provincial-level environmental pressures in China by taking the 30 provinces of the country as the investigation subjects during the period from 1997 to 2010 as a periodical limit based on the six pollutants,including the industrial SO2 emission,the industrial smoke emission,the industrial dust emission,the industrial sewage emission,the industrial solid-waste generation and the carbon emission. At the same time,we have established a comprehensive environmental pressure index via the ＂vertical and horizontal ＂ grading approach. And,then,we have given the results of our analysis of the environmental pressure situations in the individual provinces from the following aspects,such as the average level,the changing trend and the changing degree of the environmental pressure. The results of our investigation show that： according to the average level of the environmental pressure,provinces can could be divided into three levels： high level environmental pressure provinces,the medium level ones and low level ones. Four trends of environmental pressure in different provinces are situated in,that is,the rising,declining,U-shaped and inverted U-shaped changing. Along with the analysis of the environmental pressure changing trend,we have also pointed out and analyzed the comprehensive environmental situation and the development tendency in different provinces. We have found that the greatest attention should be paid to the provinces that are located in a state of high environmental pressure region and that are situated in the rising and U-shaped tendency. And,more attention should be paid to the provinces that are located in the high or low environmental pressure region but no effective environmental protection policy has taken to change the unfavorable situation. Besides,judging from the variation coefficients shown from the investigations,we have picked up some provinces with stronger environmental pressures for example,the situations that are faced by Inner Mongolia Regions,Sichuan and Liaoning provinces with the variation coefficients of0. 08,0. 06 and 0. 05,respectively. The situation reveals that the environment pressure faced by Inner Mongolia is highly severe and is badly in needs for improving,whereas the implementation effects or results of the environmental protection policy prove to be much more successful in Sichuan and Liaoning where environmental pressure has been declining significantly.