饮用水中消毒副产物的室内暴露模拟方法研究进展

Research advances in the studies of simulation methods of indoor exposure to the disinfection by-products in the drinking water

在居民日常涉水活动中,居民饮用水中的消毒副产物(Disinfection By-Products,DBPs)可通过人体消化道、呼吸及皮肤吸收3种途径长期暴露于人体,从而引起各种健康危害效应。对国内外饮用水DBPs水质标准及暴露研究现状进行了阐述,分析了发生在不同涉水过程中的暴露途径及影响暴露途径和暴露效率的因素,重点对3种暴露途径下的常用暴露估算数学模型及其应用进行了总结,对国内外暴露参数的研究现状及重要性进行了阐述。

The paper is aimed at offering a research review of the advances in the simulation methods of indoor exposure of human body to the disinfected by-products（ DBPs） in drinking water either via ingestion,or through inhalation and dermal absorption in daily living so as to lead to healthy hazards consequences. Since the accuracy of the estimated results of such exposure is a key factor for controlling the healthy hazards effectively and developing the drinking water quality standards,the exposure simulation is always a widely used method for the quantification of exposure levels owing to its special advantages such as in saving water-use cost. As is known,such exposure routes may have three general routes,that is,ingestion,inhalation and dermal absorption. For our research purpose,we would like to introduce the evaluation model of the exposure concentration for inhalation and exposure dose for ingestion and dermal absorption recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（ EPA） to quantify the exposure levels of DBPs in the drinking water. We have also introduced the plug flow model（ PFM） and the completely mixed flow model（ CMFM） based on the double-film theory,which can be used to describe the volatilization of DBPs from the drinking water to indoor air and the mass balance equations to depict the transport process of DBPs in the air as to the various indoor compartments. In addition,while presenting the research results of the exposure parameters at home and abroad,we have also put the emphasis in this paper on the importance of developing a systematic database of exposure parameters in China. Thus,it can be seen that this paper can be expected to provide a reference and a guidance for the multi-pathway household exposure assessment of drinking water DBPs in China.