试论二十四史民族史撰述的研究

A Discussion on the Study of the Twenty-Four Histories' Writing of Minorities

二十四史的民族史撰述,是指二十四史中有关少数民族历史的撰述,它是二十四史的重要组成部分和记叙少数民族历史的重要载体。关于二十四史民族史撰述的研究,应该以民族史的编纂、民族的发展与交往以及民族思想的发展与演变为基本对象,在民族史编纂上要认识到其丰富性与复杂性,在民族的发展与交往上要认识到民族融合与重组的趋势,在民族思想上要肯定以礼义文化分别夷夏关系之主流民族观的进步性。二十四史民族史撰述研究的意义,主要体现在文本层面的历史编纂学的意义、史学层面的民族史研究的意义和政治层面的巩固多民族国家的意义三个方面,它不但在历史编纂上对其他汉文民族史籍和少数民族史籍撰述有普遍影响,在民族史研究上构成反映中国少数民族史的主体,而且这种多民族国家历史的叙述,对增强民族凝聚力、制定正确的民族政策和树立正确的民族观念都有积极影响。

The Twenty-Four Histories＇ Writing of Minority is the content of minorities＇ history that the Twenty-Four Histories record. It is an important part of the Twenty-Four Histories and an important carrier for narrating the history of minorities. In the study of the Twenty-Four Histories＇ writing of minority, we should consider the compilation of the national history, the development and communication of different nations, the formation and evolution of national thoughts as basic subjects. We should take the richness and complexity of the compilation into account, notice the trend of national integration and reorganization, and affirm the progress of the mainstream view of the nation-using etiquette and culture to distinguish Yi and Xia. The meaning of this study is mainly reflected in three aspects： historiography study on the textually level, minority history study on the historical level and consolidating the multi-ethnic country on the political level. The Twenty-Four Histories＇ writing of minority not only has general influence on other Chinese and minority historical records at the historiographical level, forms the main body of Chinese minority history at the minority study level, it also has positive influences on enhancing national cohesion, formulating correct policy and establishing a correct concept of the nation.