三轴数控机床几何误差测量与辨识的研究

Study on geometric error measurement and identification for three- axis NC machine tools

数控机床几何误差的辨识是一项复杂且费时的工作。如何快速精确地辨识出各项几何误差参数一直是几何误差补偿研究的重要课题。为提高几何误差的求解精度和效率,在其辨识过程中就应尽量减少参与辨识的未知数和激光测量线数。机床运动部件属于刚体,因此,运动部件上不同点测得的同一时刻的偏摆误差和俯仰误差应是相等的。基于此理论,探研出一种仅需测量6线就可以辨识出三轴数控机床21项几何误差的新方法,经试验证实该方法是科学的、可靠的。

The measurement and identification of geometric error for NC machine tools is a complicated and time - consuming work. It is an important topic to fast and accurate measurement or identification the geometric error parameters in the research of error compensation. The unknown number and laser measuring lines should be reduced as much as possible in the process of identification to improve the error identification accuracy and efficiency. The yaw errors and pitch errors of each point on the movement parts should be equal since the machine tools movement parts belong to the rigid body. Based on this theory, a new geo- metric error identification approach is proposed, and it can identify 21 geometric errors of three - axis NC machine tools just by 6 laser measuring lines. Test results show that the six lines method is scientific and reliable.