代物清偿的性质及效力探析

Datio in solutum:nature and effectiveness research

代物清偿作为债的消灭方式之一,其性质是一种清偿合同。原合同自代物清偿生效时并不当即消灭,唯清偿人为代物清偿之适当履行时消灭。代物清偿的效力包含代物清偿的生效要件与瑕疵履行的后果,原债的有效存在以及《合同法》第52、54条之规定是其生效的基础;履行不能、迟延履行、不完全履行构成代物清偿的瑕疵履行,其后果涉及原债与代物清偿中违约金条款的选择适用、部分履行正当性以及部分履行后剩余合同的违约效力范围等相关问题。

Datio in solutum is one of the ways of debt’s perishing,its nature being a settlement of contracts.It’s not eliminated immediately only once the payer fulfilled the contract properly.Effectiveness of datio in solutum covers its requirement of validity and consequences of defective performance.Valid original contract and article 52,54 of The PRC Contract Law are the basis for its validation.Defective performance of datio in solutum consists of impossibility of performance,delay in performance,incomplete performance,whose consequences involve how to select the liquidated damages between original contract and datio in solutum,partial performance’s legitimacy,the scope-of-validity of remaining contact’s breaching after the partial performance.