驾驶人视觉特性与行车安全研究进展

Research and Development of Drivers Visual Behavior and Driving Safety

为了明确驾驶人视觉特性在道路交通安全领域的研究现状,对驾驶人视觉特性与疲劳驾驶、隧道段行车安全、分心驾驶以及视觉特性的影响因素等方面的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了驾驶疲劳检测的视觉特性指标,归纳了驾驶人视觉特性与隧道出入口行车安全研究的方法及试验结果,分析了目前基于视觉特性的驾驶分心研究中存在的问题,最后论述了驾驶人视觉特性影响因素研究及其应用前景。对文献的梳理和分析表明:有必要将驾驶人视觉特性与脸部图像特征、驾驶操作行为及车辆运动状态等多个指标进行多源信息融合,以实现疲劳驾驶和分心驾驶的有效监测与预警;需进一步开展研究以明确隧道内驾驶人视觉负荷的评价指标,并针对不同驾驶人群体在各种交通环境中开展有效的教育和模拟驾驶培训,从而全面提升中国的人-车-路系统交通安全水平。

To clarify the status quo of drivers＇visual behavior research in road traffic safety field,the research advances on the following topics were reviewed,including drivers＇visual behavior with fatigue driving and with distracted driving,visual behavior and driving safety in tunnels,as well as the impact factors on drivers＇visual behavior.The visual behavior indexes for detecting fatigue driving were introduced,the research methods together with test results on drivers＇visual behavior in tunnel driving safety were summarized,and the problems in driving distraction study based on visual behavior were analyzed.Finally,the research progress of impact factors on drivers＇visual behavior and its application prospects were discussed.The analysis on the researches indicates that it is necessary to adopt the multi-source information fusion from drivers＇visual behaviors,the facial image features,the driving behaviors and vehicle movement status,to achieve effective monitoring and early warning for fatigue driving and distracted driving.Further research is needed to clarify the evaluation indexes of drivers＇visual workload in tunnel.It should carry out effective education and training in various simulated driving traffics for different groupsof drivers,so that the safety level of driver-vehicle-road system in China is fully improved.