论刑事诉讼中行政鉴定证据的使用

The Use of Administrative Appraisal in Criminal Procedure

从新修订的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第52条第2款的规范目的以及诉讼经济、现实的刑事司法需求等方面来看,行政鉴定直接作为刑事证据使用具有合理性。行政鉴定在刑事诉讼中的证据能力要件主要包括鉴定能力、鉴定材料、鉴定规程和方法、鉴定意见的关联性及形式要件;对其证明力则主要审查其可靠性和有效性。对于行政鉴定中的法律评价要区别情况进行处理。对于行刑衔接案件,应根据当事人是否在刑事诉讼中申请重新鉴定而分别处理其在行政程序中的重新鉴定。对于有争议的行政鉴定,法官原则上应要求鉴定人必须出庭作证;应当选择行政鉴定机构以外的其他专家作为有专门知识的人出庭;若需要以司法鉴定方式对原行政鉴定事项进行重新鉴定,应选择其他适格的鉴定机构进行鉴定。

From the legislative purpose of section 2of article 52 of new Criminal Procedure Law,and the perspective of judicial economy and the reality of the criminal judicial demand,administrative appraisal is amply justified in using as criminal evidence.The factors of credibility of evidence include ability to appraise,samples,procedure and method of appraisal,relevance and formal requirements.The probative force mainly includes judgment of reliability and effectiveness.The legal evaluation in the administrative appraisal should be handled according to different cases.The re-appraisal in administrative procedure should be handled according to whether parties apply for re-appraisal in criminal procedure.Appraiser should appear in court in cases with controversy.Other experts should be chosen as men with specialized knowledge.When the re-appraisal is in need,other competent accrediting body should be chosen.