安徽省地衣研究的历史分析

ANALYSIS ON LICHEN STUDIES HISTORY OF ANHUI PROVINCE

安徽省地衣的研究有60余a的历史。在查阅文献资料、标本检测和作者前期工作基础上,对安徽省地衣研究的现状和成果进行了总结,以便为将来的地衣研究提供资料。根据统计,安徽已经报道的地衣有57属,203个种或种下单位,报道分布最多的是石蕊属(Cladonia)、哑铃孢属(Heterodermia)等10个属。对基物要求比较专一的有98种,其中严格生于树皮、树干或树枝的有54种,石生的22种,生于土壤的8种;检出的地衣化学物质有黑茶渍素(Atranorin)、泽渥萜(Zeorin)等11类,出现最多的地衣物质是黑茶渍素,共有22属、77种地衣含有该物质。除了分类学报道以外,安徽省地衣的其他方面研究相对薄弱。安徽省位于我国暖温带和亚热带过渡区,加强其中的地衣研究,对于理解该区地衣的多样性具有重要意义。

The studies on lichens in Anhui Province has lasted for more than 60 years, and the sites of lichen field study and specimen collection are over 20 areas, with Mt. Huangshan being investigated more thoroughly. The situation and the study results of Anhui Province on lichen research were summarized in this paper based on examining specimens and consulting literatures, combined with the research results of the author, so as to provide information for other researchers and future studies. Totally 203 species or taxa under species among 57 genera had been reported from this area by the end of 2012, with Cladonia as the largest genus. Among them, 23 species in 16 genera are crustaceous lichens, 40 species in 7 genera are fruticose lichens, and 140 species in 34 genera are foliose lichens. There are 22 genera which has only one species in each genus. Among the 203 taxa, there are 98 ones live in only one certain type substratum, with 54 species of corticolous lichens, 22 species of saxicolous lichens, and 8 species living on soil. Eleven lichen substance, such as atranorin, zeorin, fumarprotocetraric acid and salazinic acid, were detected by CT, MCT and TLC, and the most common lichen substance is atranorin, with 77 species in 22 genera containing such chemical substance. A certain lichen substance may be correlated with some lichen taxa, or deposited in a certain morphological part. Two researches about numerical classification and diversity of corticolous lichens and floor lichens from Yaoluoping were carried and the results of Spearman rank correlation showed that 39 corticolous lichen species-pairs were significant positively associated, among which 16 were very significant associated, but no species-pair was negatively. Associated Fisher＇s exact test indicated that 10 floor lichen species-pairs were very significant positively associated and four speciespairs were significant positively associated, but no species-pair of the two types of lichens was negatively significant associated. Further Fisher＇s exact test demonstrated that the competition between the species was low. In general, the lichens in Anhui Province were poorly understood except for their taxonomy. Anhui Province lies in the climatic transitional zone of China, so studies on lichens in this area are of great significance in understanding lichen biodiversity.