走私文物罪的成因及预防对策

On Causes and Countermeasures of Crime of Relics Smuggling

作为文物大国,我国一直是文物犯罪的高发地。走私文物罪是文物犯罪的重要类型之一,其犯罪手段隐蔽,犯罪性质恶劣,造成的危害后果难以挽回。文物的独特价值决定其本身无法复制和仿制,文物一旦被偷运出国门,对我国文化遗产的损害不可估量。由于暴利驱动和犯罪方法的不断升级,走私文物犯罪集团作案手段的智能化和国际化,使得我国文物保护的任务日益艰巨。因此需要我们不断完善立法、加强执法、强化管理、扩大宣传、密切国际合作等,寻求有效的防控文物犯罪、特别是预防走私文物行为的综合对策。

As a power with cultural relics, China has been a crime - prone place for relics - related crime. Crime of relics smuggling is one of important types of relics - related crime, whose modus operandi are covert, nature is adverse, harmful consequences are difficult to restore. Harm done to cultural heritage in China is immeasurable, once relics are smuggled abroad, because relics can l be copied or imitated for its specific value. Because of increasingly upgrading of profiteering drive and crime methods, intelligent and international modus operandi of smuggling group, China is confronted with increasing arduous task on relic~ protection. Therefore, we need to improve legislation, strengthen enforcement, step up management, and expand publicity, close international cooperation, seek for effective countermeasures against crime of relics, especially comprehensive measures against prevention of relics smuggling behaviors.