3种化学诱变剂对广金钱草种子萌发的影响

Effects of three chemical mutagens on seed germination of Desmodium styracifolium

目的研究迭氮钠(Na N3)、甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)及秋水仙素诱变处理对广金钱草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。方法采用培养皿培养法,测定经Na N3、EMS及秋水仙素处理后,广金钱草的种子发芽势、发芽率和幼苗根长、下胚轴长。结果不同质量浓度、不同时间Na N3处理均降低了广金钱草种子发芽势和发芽率,同时抑制了根和下胚轴的生长,20 g/L Na N3浸种3 h发芽率为24.00%,仅为清水处理对照(CK)的34.62%。EMS处理后,广金钱草种子发芽率明显降低,抑制作用随时间的延长和质量浓度的增加而增强,20 g/L EMS浸种16 h发芽率为17.33%,仅为CK的25%。EMS处理对种子根长影响显著,抑制了下胚轴的生长。经秋水仙素处理后广金钱草幼苗变异率高,变异类型可分为下胚轴膨大根长组、下胚轴膨大根短组和下胚轴上端膨大组,下胚轴粗均极显著高于CK,最高为CK的3.08倍。结论 3种试剂最佳诱变剂量及时间分别为:15 g/L Na N3浸种3 h、15 g/L EMS浸种8 h、1.0 g/L秋水仙素浸种16 h。

Objective To investigate the effects of seed germination and the growth of seedlings of Desmodium styracifolium under sodium azide（ Na N3）,ethyl methyl sulfonate（ EMS） and colchicine mutagenic treatments. Methods The germination potential,germination rate,radical and plumule length of D. styracifolium seeds in culture dish were measured after the treatment of Na N3,EMS and colchicine at different doses. Results Na N3 reduced the germination potential and germination rate of D. styracifolium seeds,and it inhibited radical and plumule length of seedlings. After soaking in 20 g / L Na N3 for 3 h,the germination percentage of D. styracifolium seeds was 24. 00%,which only accounted 34. 62% of CK. EMS obviously decreased the germination rate,and effects of EMS processed with time and concentrations. After soaking in 20 g / L EMS for 16 h,the germination percentage was 17. 33%,which only accounted 25% of CK. EMS had significant effect on radical length,and it mainly inhibited plumule length of seedlings. D.styracifolium seeds had high risk of variation treated with colchicine,and three phenotypes appeared including inflated stem with long root,inflated stem and short root and stem with the head inflated,and the expansion part of seedlings were significantly more inflated than CK,the most achieved 3. 08 times.Conclusion Soaking in 15 g / L Na N3 for 3 h,15 g / L EMS for 8 h or 1. 0 g / L colchicine for 16 h could be the optimum treatment.