郴州市2004～2014年突发公共卫生事件网络直报资料分析

Analysis on the data of direct network report of public health emergencies in Chenzhou,2004-2014

目的分析郴州市2004-2014年突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征及网络直报现状,为防控突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法从＂突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统＂中获取2004-2014年网络直报数据,应用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果郴州市2004-2014年累计报告112起突发公共卫生事件,报告发病3 439例,报告死亡42例。2009年报告事件最多（25起）,2013年最少（1起）。事件级别分布Ⅳ级46起（41.07%）、未分级46起（41.07%）、Ⅲ级17起（15.17%）、Ⅱ级3起（2.68%）,Ⅰ级0起;事件类型以传染病暴发疫情为主（53.56%）,其次是食物中毒（30.36%）;传染病暴发疫情以呼吸道传染病为主,占61.67%（37/60）,主要病种为甲型H1N1流感、流感流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、麻疹、水痘;5月-6月和9月-11月为事件发生高峰（63.39%）;地区分布以临武县、嘉禾县和桂阳县为主（49.11%）;城乡分布市级、县级和乡村级分别为12.5%、18.75%、68.75%,市级、县级、乡村级三者平均罹患率之间差异有统计学意义（x2=133.77,P〈0.01）;事件主要发生在学校（46.43%）,其次是农村村庄及家庭（33.04%）。52起学校事件中,农村学校占71.15%。事件发生至网络直报的时间间隔的中位数为30 h（P25-P75：8-99 h）,事件接到报告至网络直报的时间间隔的中位数为15 h（P25-P75：3-32 h）,事件分级正确率为86.61%。结论郴州市突发公共卫生事件的防控重点是乡村和学校,事件接到报告至网络直报的及时性较好,但突发事件的分级准确性有待进一步提高。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies and current status of direct network reporting from 2004 to 2014 in Chenzhou and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of public health emergency. Methods The data of public health emergency was ob- tained through national public health emergency reporting and management system; descriptive epidemiologi- cal analysis was conducted. Results From 2004 to 2014,112 public health emergencies were reported in Chenzhou with 3 439 cases of disease and 42 deaths. The year with most event was 2009 and least event was 2013 during 2004 to 2014. Of all the emergencies,46 （ 41.07% } were classified to grade IV, 17 { 15.17% ） to grade 11I and 3 （ 2.68% } to grade II ,46 were not graded. Infectious disease outbreaks and food poisoning events were the main composition of emergencies, which respectively accounted for 53.56% and 30.36%. The respiratory disease took a large part of infectious disease events, accounted for 61.67 % { 37/60 } , and the major diseases were influenza AH1N1, influenza, mumps, measles, varicella. The peak period were ob- served in May-June and September-November accounted for 63.39% in a year. Public health emergencies were reported in all counties in Chenzhou, while the numbers were relatively more in Linwu county, Jiahe county and Guiyang county. The public health emergencies occurred in countryside, county and city which accounted for 12.5% ,18.75% and 68.75% ; there were statistically significant differences in the average incidence rate comparison of countryside, county and city{ x2= 133.77,P〈0.01 }. The emergencies which occourred in school accounted for 46.43% { 52/112 ） , especially in rural areas. Among events reported, the median of time interval between events occurred and reported online was 30 hours（P25 ~ P75 ： 8 ~ 99 h}. The median of time interval between events reported and reported online was 15 hours { P25 ~ P75 ： 3 -32 h } , the event classification accuracy was 86.61%. Conclusion The events mainly occurred in schools and coun- tryside, which should be the focus of the public health emergency in Chenzhou. Prevention of respiratory in- fectious diseases is the key to control public health emergencies. The interval between events occurred and reported online is timely, and the reporting of public health emergencies should be improved to increase the quality of network direct reporting in Chenzhou.