并流或统一:技工教育与职业教育关系走向探析

Parallel or Unity: Analysis on the Development of the Relationship of Technical Education and Vocational Education

我国长期存在着以管理权属不同为主要区分标志的技工教育和职业教育。技工教育与职业教育在历史上经历了并行不悖期、合并停滞期、发展竞争期。目前,技工教育与职业教育在生源、经费、政策等方面展开了激烈竞争。从历史和现实考量,技工教育与职业教育在未来的关系走向上可以分为并流或者合并两种形式。本文认为技工教育与职业教育管理权限上升到国家层面,由国务院主导,既符合国家关于职业教育的顶层设计设想,也符合职业教育内在发展规律。

There is a long-term management ownership differences between technical education and vocational education in China. It has gone through three periods in technical education and vocational education, which are the co-existence period（1949-1964）, the merging and stagnating period（1964-1978）, and the developing and cooperating period（1978-present）. Currently,technical education and vocational education in students, funding and policy are being in a fierce competition. Currently, there is a fierce competition taking place between the two in the fields of energy, fiance, policies and so on. From the perspectives of history and reality, the developing trend for technical education and vocational education in the future is co-current flow or amalgamation.This paper argues that shifting technical education and vocational education management authority up to the State council,dominating by the State Council, is in accordance with he national top-level design vision on vocational education and the inherent law of development of vocational education as well.